电离辐照防治储藏物害虫和微生物的研究进展
Progress in the use of ionizing radiation to manage both insect pests and microorganisms in stored-products
王 磊1** 吴云龙1 何仕均2 鲁玉杰1***
点击：238次 下载：10次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.027
作者单位：1. 江苏科技大学粮食学院，镇江 212100；2. 清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院，北京 100084
中文关键词：电离辐照；储藏物害虫；食品微生物；害虫防治；环境因素
英文关键词：ionizing radiation; stored product pests; microorganisms; pest control, environmental factors
中文摘要：
电离辐照加工技术是利用高能射线对食品和农产品进行辐照处理，使害虫或微生物发生电离效应而死亡，达到杀虫灭菌和食品保鲜的目的，广泛应用于农产品贮藏保鲜、食品病原微生物控制和食品品质改善等领域。为探讨电离辐照技术在储藏物害虫和微生物防治中的应用，本文系统性总结了目前辐照射线的种类和特点，包括γ射线、X射线和电子束，并总结了辐照射线对储藏物害虫和微生物的生理效应影响，包括害虫生殖、消化和抗氧化酶系统。不同害虫及微生物种类，其发育期和生理状态对电离辐照的敏感性不同。氧气浓度和温度等环境因素也影响电离辐照杀灭害虫和微生物的效果。本文通过系统总结电离辐照对储藏物害虫和微生物的生理生化影响，以及生物因素和环境因素对辐照杀虫灭菌效率的影响，旨在为电离辐照技术在粮食储藏中的实践应用提供科学指导，同时为制定新型、高效、绿色的害虫综合治理策略奠定理论基础。
英文摘要：
Irradiation
technology uses high-energy rays to induce ionization effects in insect pests
and microorganisms, leading to their death. It is widely used to protect stored
agricultural products, for foodborne pathogen control, and to improve food
quality. This review systematically summarizes the types and characteristics of
radiation used, including gamma rays, X-rays and electron beams, and summarizes the physiological effects of irradiation on insect
pests and microorganisms, including on the reproductive, digestive, and
antioxidant enzyme, systems. Different insect pests and microorganisms, as well
as pest developmental stages and physiological conditions, vary in their
sensitivity to ionizing radiation. The effectiveness of irradiation also
depends on the ambient oxygen concentration and temperature. This review
provides guidance for the practical application of ionizing radiation to
protect stored grain, and a theoretical basis for the development of novel,
effective, and environmentally-friendly, integrated pest management strategies.