台湾甲腹茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力及其触角感器扫描电镜观察
Capacity of Chelonus formosanus to parasitize the eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda, and the morphology of the antennal sensilla of C. formosanus as revealed by scanning electron microscopy
贾静静1** 蔡秋旧2 黄伟康1 冯 青1 林珠凤1 吉训聪1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.042
作者单位：1. 海南省农业科学院植物保护研究所，海南省农业科学院农产品质量安全与标准研究中心， 海南省植物病虫害防控重点实验室，海口 571100；2. 海南大学植物保护学院，海口 570228
中文关键词：台湾甲腹茧蜂；草地贪夜蛾；寄生能力；触角感器
英文关键词： Chelonus formosanus; Spodoptera frugiperda; parasitic capacity; antennal sensilla
中文摘要：【目的】 评价台湾甲腹茧蜂Chelonus formosanus对农业重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda卵的寄生能力, 并解析其触角基本结构和感器类型。【方法】 在智能人工气候室[（26±2）℃，相对湿度70%±10%，光周期12 L∶12 D]比较有、无寄生经历的台湾甲腹茧蜂在不同空间条件下对草地贪夜蛾卵的搜寻时间及对不同密度卵的处理时间。采用笼罩法评价不同比例台湾甲腹茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力，并利用数码显微镜和扫描电镜观察台湾甲腹茧蜂雌、雄成虫触角结构和感器类型。【结果】 有寄生经历的台湾甲腹茧蜂搜寻到寄主的时间显著短于无寄生经历的蜂，且搜寻空间越大，两者差异越显著（P<0.05）。台湾甲腹茧蜂处理草地贪夜蛾卵的时间随卵密度的增加而延长，处理100、200和300粒卵的时间分别为（38.44±1.99）、（75.99±3.24）和（103.71±6.21）min。随着寄生蜂数量的增加，寄生卵块数随之增加，1、3和5头寄生蜂间寄生卵块数差异显著（P<0.05）。台湾甲腹茧蜂雌蜂触角显著短于雄蜂（P<0.05），雌蜂鞭节由22或23亚节组成，而雄蜂鞭节由24-27亚节组成。该蜂触角共有10种感器，分别为毛形感器、板形感器、锥形感器、刺形感器、鳞形感器、腔锥形感器、钟形感器、腔形感器、Böhm鬃毛和表皮孔。其中，毛形感器为主要感器，数量最多且分布最广，其次为板形感器。【结论】 寄生经历显著影响台湾甲腹茧蜂搜寻寄主的时间，且该蜂处理草地贪夜蛾卵的时间随卵密度的增加而延长，台湾甲腹茧蜂对草地贪夜蛾单块卵的寄生率最高可达100%，表明其具有较高的生物防治潜力。此外，触角感器的多样性为其寄主定位和识别提供了重要的形态学基础。
英文摘要： [Aim] To assess the capacity of the
wasp Chelonus formosanus to parasitize Spodoptera frugiperda eggs, and to describe the basic antennal structure and sensilla of this species. [Methods] The search and the processing time of S.
frugiperda eggs by C. formosanus, with, and without, parasitic
experience, were observed in an intelligent, artificial climate chamber [(26±2)
℃, RH 70±10%, 12L∶12D] at different C. formosanus densities. The proportion of S.
frugiperda eggs parasitized was evaluated using the caging method. The antennal structure of adult, male and female C. formosanus was
observed under digital, and scanning, electron microscopy. [Results] C. formosanus with prior
oviposition experience required less time to find S. frugiperda eggs than inexperienced individuals, and was also shorter at lower C.
formosanus densities. The most significant difference in search time was,
however, between adult female C. formosanus with, and without, previous
oviposition experience (P＜0.05). The average time required by C.
formosanus to process 100, 200 or 300 eggs S. frugiperda eggs was (38.44±1.99),
(75.99±3.24) and (103.71±6.21) min, respectively. The number of parasitized S.
frugiperda egg masses increased with increasing C. formosanus density, and there were significant differences in the number of egg masses
parasitized at densities of 1, 3 and 5 C. formosanus females (P＜0.05）. The antennal length of females was obviously
shorter than that of males (P＜0.05）, with the flagellum of females consisting of 22 or 23 subsections c.f.
24 to 27 subsections in males. Ten morphologically distinct types of sensilla
were observed on the antennae; sensilla trichodea, sensilla placodea, sensilla
basiconca, sensilla chaetica, sensilla squamiformia, sensilla coeloconica,
sensilla campaniformia and sensilla cavity. Böhm bristles, cuticular pores and sensilla trichoidea were the main
sensory organs, being both the most abundant and widely distributed, followed
by the sensilla placodea. [Conclusion] Previous oviposition experience has a
significant effect on the time required by adult female C. formosanus to
find host eggs. The time required to process eggs increases with host egg
density and the parasitism rate of a single egg mass of S. frugiperda can reach 100%. The antennae of C. formosanus have a total of 10 sensory
receptors.