【目的】 对蚁属Formica 16种蚂蚁进行形态测量学研究，旨在探讨形态测量学在蚁科Formicidae蚁属的分类和系统发育中的应用价值。【方法】 选取蚁属16个种各5只，对头长（Head length，HL）、头宽（Head width，HW）、触角柄节长（Scape length，SL）、前胸背板宽（Pronotal width，PW）、并腹胸长（Mesosoma length，MSL）、腹柄长（Petiole length，PL）、腹柄宽（Petiole width，DPW）、腹柄高（Petiole height，PH）、体长（Total length，TL）、头比（Cephalic index，CI）、触角柄节比1（Scape index1，SI₁）、触角柄节比2 （Scape index2，SI₂）、腹柄长宽比（Petiole length index，LPI）、腹柄长高比（Dorsal petiole index，DPI）共14个特征变量进行测量，并采用因子分析、主成分分析和系统聚类分析对数据进行处理。【结果】 头长（HL）、头宽（HW）、触角柄节长（SL）、腹柄节长（PL）、腹柄节宽（DPW）及腹柄节长宽比（LPI）、触角柄节比2（SI₂）7个特征载荷值较高，能够综合反映14个变量作为区分16种蚂蚁的关键依据；聚类分析可以将16种蚂蚁分为4支，其中第二支和第三支距离较近，形态测量值相似度较高，亲缘关系较近，与第四支相似度次之，亲缘关系较远，与第一支相似度最低，亲缘关系最远，所得结果与主成分分析结果基本一致。【结论】 形态测量学的研究结果与传统形态分类结果基本吻合，表明该方法可以作为蚁科蚁属昆虫分类鉴定的重要依据，具有重要的应用价值和广泛的应用前景。

 [Aim]  To investigate the value of morphometrics for taxonomic research on the genus Formica (family Formicidae). [Methods]  Five individuals from 16 species of the genus Formica were selected as specimens, and 14 morphometric variables of these were measured, including head length (HL), head width (HW), antennal scape length (SL), pronotal width (PW), mesothoracic length (MSL ), petiole length (PL), petiole width (DPW), petiole height (PH), total length (TL), cephalic index (CI), antennal scape index (SI₁), antennal scape index (SI₂), petiole length-to-width ratio (LPI), and petiole length-to-height ratio (DPI). The data were processed using factor analysis, principal component analysis, and systematic cluster analysis. [Results]  Seven variables; head length (HL), head width (HW), antennal scape length (SL), petiole length (PL), petiole width (DPW), petiole length-to-width ratio (LPI), and antennal scape index (SI₂), are key diagnostic variables for distinguishing among species. Cluster analysis grouped the 16 species into four clades. The second and third clades were closer, with higher similarity in morphometric values, indicating a closer phylogenetic relationship. The fourth branch had the next highest similarity, indicating a more distant relationship, while the first branch had the lowest similarity and was most distantly related. These results were consistent with those of principal component analysis. [Conclusion]  The results of morphometric analysis are basically consistent with those of the traditional morphological classification, indicating that this method can be a useful auxiliary approach for identifying species of the Formicidae. It has significant advantages over traditional taxonomic methods and there is broad scope for further application of this method.