桔小实蝇食饵剂筛选及田间抗性检测
Optimizing baits for Bactrocera dorsalis and detecting insecticide resistance in a population of this pest in Yunnan
杨 琴1, 2** 杨大全2** 柴永飞3 杨毅娟4 龚占斌1 谭安超1 张秀英1 王顺富 1 王 斌 5 李云国 1*** 黄国嫣 1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.047
作者单位：1. 昭通市苹果产业发展中心，昭通 657000；2. 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司，昆明 650051；3. 云南农业大学植物保护学院， 昆明 650201；4. 昭通市植保植检站，昭通 657000；5. 昭阳区苹果产业发展中心，昭通657000
中文关键词：桔小实蝇；食饵剂；室内毒力；抗性检测
英文关键词：Bactracera dorsalis; food bait; toxicity; resistance detection
中文摘要：
【目的】 探明不同杀虫剂和饵料配制的食饵剂对云南地区桔小实蝇Bactracera dorsalis敏感种群和田间种群的毒力效应，筛选高效且安全的防治桔小实蝇食饵剂。【方法】 采用胃毒法分别测定6种杀虫剂就红糖、香醋和甲基丁香酚配制的毒饵对桔小实蝇室内敏感种群和田间种群的室内毒力，同时测定了田间种群的抗药性。【结果】 处理24 h后，清水+杀虫剂、6%红糖+杀虫剂和6%红糖+9%香醋+5‰甲基丁香酚+杀虫剂配制的食饵剂对桔小实蝇室内敏感种群和田间种群成虫的毒力大小顺序均为：甲维盐（LC50 为3.436 - 11.235 mg/L）>乙基多杀菌素（LC50为13.052
- 18.369 mg/L）>阿维菌素（LC50 为28.341
-
68.657 mg/L）>丁硫克百威（LC50 为49.595 - 153.425 mg/L）>溴氰虫酰胺（LC50 为61.629 - 187.065 mg/L）>高效氯氰菊酯（LC50 为104.755 - 235.081 mg/L）；6%红糖+9%香醋+不同杀虫剂配制的食饵剂对桔小实蝇室内敏感种群和田间种群成虫的毒力大小顺序为：甲维盐（LC50 为6.541 - 7.308 mg/L）>乙基多杀菌素、阿维菌素（LC50 为10.420 - 16.991 mg/L）>丁硫克百威、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰虫酰胺（LC50 为50.047 - 83.148 mg/L）；以6%红糖+9%香醋+5‰甲基丁香酚+甲维盐配制的食饵剂对2个种群的毒杀活力最高；田间抗药性检测结果显示，桔小实蝇对各杀虫剂均处于敏感水平。【结论】 综合室内毒力和田间抗性测定结果，首选6%红糖+9%香醋+5‰甲基丁香酚+甲维盐配制的食饵剂防治桔小实蝇，可在成虫暴发前喷施控制虫源基数。
英文摘要：
[Aim]
To develop better
toxic baits to control Bactrocera dorsalis. [Methods]
The toxicity of baits containing six
different pesticides to an insecticide-sensitive, and wild B. dorsalis populations
in Yunnan, were investigated. Each insecticide was mixed with sugar, aromatic
vinegar, and methyl eugenol, and the toxicity of the resultant baits was then
tested on adults from the insecticide-sensitive and wild populations using the
stomach toxicity method. Resistance of the wild population was also determined
in the laboratory. [Results] Different baits were configured as follows: Water +
insecticide, 6% sugar + insecticide, 6% sugar + 9% aromatic vinegar + 5% methyl eugenol + insecticide.
The relative toxicity of the different insecticides on B. dorsalis was
as follows: Emamectin benzoate > spinetoram > abamectin > carbosulfan
> cyantraniliprole > beta-cypermethrin. The relative toxicity of baits
comprised of 6% sugar + 9% aromatic vinegar + insecticide on B. dorsalis adults
was as follows: Emamectin benzoate > spinetoram or abamectin >
carbosulfan, beta-cypermethrin or cyantraniliprole. Baits comprised of 6% sugar
+ 9% aromatic vinegar + 5% methyl
eugenol + emamectin benzoate had the highest toxicity to both the sensitive and
wild populations. A resistance test demonstrated that B. dorsalis was
sensitive to all pesticides. [Conclusion] Baits comprised of
6% sugar + 9%
aromatic vinegar + 5% methyl eugenol+ emamectin benzoate were the best of those tested
for B. dorsalis control. This bait could effectively control B.
dorsalis population if applied before the adult outbreak period.