中国害虫生态防控的成就、技术突破与未来展望
Main achievements and prospects in the ecological regulation and management of pests in China
戈 峰1** 门兴元1 李 卓1 鞠 倩2 张兴瑞1 梁潇以1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.052
作者单位：1. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，山东省农业有害生物绿色防控重点实验室，济南 250100； 2. 山东省花生研究所，国家花生工程技术研究中心，青岛 266100
中文关键词： 生态防控技术；生态调控理论；功能植物；作物多样性；农田景观设计
英文关键词：ecological pest control technologies; ecological regulation theory; functional plants; crop biodiversity; farmland landscape design
中文摘要：
自20世纪90年代以来，农田集约化和作物单一化加剧了农田景观生物多样性下降，削弱了自然天敌的生态调控作用，导致农业害虫发生频繁、危害严重，并导致农药使用量增加。在此背景下，害虫生态防控受到了广泛关注。本文重点梳理了近年来我国害虫生态调控理论的发展脉络，系统介绍了食物网关系解析的新方法，阐述了基于生态调控理论的“田内-田边-景观”三维生态防控技术研究及其应用，展望了未来害虫生态防控技术发展的方向。旨在推动我国害虫防控的绿色转型及技术进步，进而保障国家粮食安全和生态安全。
英文摘要：Since the 1990s, the
intensification of agriculture and extensive planting of monocultures has led
to a decline landscape biodiversity in farmland, weakening the regulatory role
of the natural enemies of agricultural pests. This has resulted in more frequent
pest outbreaks, more severe crop damage, and higher pesticide usage.
Consequently, the ecological regulation and control of pests has become the
focus of increasing research. This review highlights the role of ecological
regulation and control of pests in reconstructing farmland landscapes and
enhancing the capacity for natural pest suppression. The development of
theories of ecological regulation and management of pests (ERMP) in China is
outlined, and new methods for analyzing food web relationships are introduced,
with emphasis on the research and application of the “field-field edge-landscape”
three-dimensional ecological pest control technology based on ERMP. Finally,
future directions for ecological pest management technologies are discussed,
with the goal of advancing pest control strategies and safeguarding food
security and ecological sustainability in China.