【目的】 探究田间施硅对稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis幼虫结苞危害的控制作用及其对水稻产量的影响。【方法】 设置品种和施硅水平双因素田间小区试验，品种为易感虫的台中1号（Taichung Native 1，TN1）和抗虫的中浙优8号（Zhongzheyou 8，ZY8），施硅水平为0、150、300和600 kg SiO₂/hm²，测定稻纵卷叶螟幼虫在水稻分蘖期和孕穗期的结苞为害特征、孕穗期剑叶性状以及水稻产量相关指标。【结果】 水稻成熟后土壤硅含量在品种间没有显著差异（P=0.910），但与不施硅对照相比，300和600 kg SiO₂/hm²水平下土壤硅含量分别显著增加133.4%和182.4%（TN1，P≤0.030），以及154.9%和303.8%（ZY8，P≤0.005）。分蘖期水稻上稻纵卷叶螟叶苞的叶位和叶面分布特征在施硅水平之间有显著差异（P<0.001），施硅显著增大叶片正面结苞的频率（P<0.001）和叶苞丝束数量（P=0.020），分蘖期中浙优8号水稻上稻纵卷叶螟在叶片正面结苞的频率高于台中1号；不同施硅水平和品种下叶苞中的稻纵卷叶螟取食率和蛹重没有显著差异（P≥0.120）。孕穗期水稻上稻纵卷叶螟叶苞特征没有差异，但600 kg SiO₂/hm²水平硅处理显著降低幼虫取食率（P<0.001）、增加叶苞中丝束数量（P=0.002）；剑叶理化性状受施硅影响，施硅显著降低剑叶的比叶面积、增加叶绿素相对含量和硅含量（P≤0.002）。此外，产量性状也与施硅有关，施硅显著增加中浙优8号的每穗总粒数、结实率和理论产量（P≤0.016）。不同施硅水平下，150 kg SiO₂/hm²的理论收益最大。【结论】 施硅能够改善水稻叶片的理化性质，增强叶片的韧性和光合作用，增强水稻对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫结苞为害的抵抗性和耐受性，并增加水稻理论产量，推荐田间施硅150 kg SiO₂/hm²以获取较高收益。

 [Aim]  To explore the effects of applying silicon to rice plants on the leaf folding damage caused by Cnaphalocrocis medinalis larvae, and on rice yield. [Methods]  A 2×2 factorial plot experiment was conducted using the rice varieties Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and Zhongzheyou 8 (ZY8) and silicon application levels of 0, 150, 300, and 600 kg SiO₂/hm². The leaf folding and other damage caused by C. medinalis larvae during the tillering and booting stages, flag leaf traits at the booting stage, and rice-yield related parameters, were measured. [Results]  No significant differences in soil silicon content was observed between the rice varieties (P=0.910). However, application of 300 and 600 kg SiO₂/hm² significantly increased soil silicon content by 133.4% and 182.4% (P≤0.030), respectively in TN1 plots, and by 154.9% and 303.8% (P≤0.005), respectively, in ZY8 plots, relative to the control. At the tillering stage, significant differences were observed in the leaf position and leaf surface of the leaf-folds between different silicon treatment groups (P<0.001), with silicon application notably increasing the frequency of leaf folding on the adaxial leaf surface (P<0.001) and the number of binds per fold (P=0.020). More leaf folding was found on the adaxial leaf surface of ZY8 than TN1 plants. However, neither silicon treatment nor rice variety significantly affected the feeding rate or pupal weight of C. medinalis (P≥0.120). At the booting stage, no significant differences were found in leaf-folding characteristics, but the highest silicon treatment level (600 kg SiO₂/hm²) significantly reduced larval feeding rates (P<0.001) and increased the number of binds per fold (P=0.002). Silicon application influenced the physicochemical traits of flag leaves during the booting stage, significantly reducing specific leaf area whereas increasing chlorophyll and silicon content (P≤0.002). Yield traits were positively correlated with silicon application; silicon application significantly enhanced the number of grains per panicle, the grain-filling percentage, and the theoretical yield of ZY8 (P≤0.016). Theoretical revenue was highest at application rates of 150 kg SiO₂/hm². [Conclusion]  Silicon improves the physicochemical properties of rice leaves, enhancing leaf toughness and photosynthesis. It strengthens rice resistance and tolerance to leaf folding and other damage caused by C. medinalis larvae and increases the theoretical rice yield. A theoretical revenue analysis suggests that 150 kg SiO₂/hm² is the optimum dosage.