玉米内生菌GX5对玉米蚜的抗虫作用机理
Mechanism of maize endophytes against maize aphids
崔洪莹1** 孙艺昕2 门兴元1 吕素洪1 叶保华2 李丽莉1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.058
作者单位：1. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，山东省农业有害生物绿色防控重点实验室，济南 250100； 2. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018
中文关键词：玉米蚜；玉米内生菌；次生代谢物质；害虫防治
英文关键词： Rhopalosiphum maidis; maize endophytes; secondary metabolites; pest control
中文摘要：
【目的】 明确玉米内生菌GX5对玉米蚜Rhopalosiphum maidis的抗虫作用机理，为田间合理利用植物内生菌抗虫提供理论依据。【方法】 以玉米内生菌链格孢菌GX5、玉米、玉米蚜为研究对象，比较取食内生菌GX5处理与对照处理的玉米后，玉米蚜的发育历期、产卵量、存活率及这两种处理下的玉米植株的营养物质、次生代谢物质、植物激素的差异。【结果】 玉米内生菌GX5显著延长了玉米蚜的发育历期（P=0.003），降低了其产卵量（P<0.001）及存活率（P<0.001），其变化率分别为10.02%、43.55%和46.72%，并显著增加了玉米植株的鲜重（P<0.001）、可溶性糖（P<0.001）、单宁（P=0.029）、总酚（P=0.005）和水杨酸（Salicylic acid，SA）（P<0.001）含量，分别增加了21.32%、48.36%、9.81%、42.86%和14.41%；但显著降低了玉米植株的茉莉酸（Jasmonic
acid，JA）（P<0.001）含量，降低了22.47%。【结论】 玉米内生菌GX5定殖玉米后通过提高玉米植株中可溶性糖、次生代谢物质的含量及SA含量，抑制JA含量，进而抑制了玉米蚜的生长发育、产卵量及存活率。本研究对理解植物内生菌-植物-昆虫三者之间的互作关系具有重要意义，同时能够为农业生态系统中合理利用植物内生菌抗虫提供理论依据。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To clarify the mechanism by which plant
endophytes deter the herbivorous insect Rhopalosiphum maidis, and
thereby provide a theoretical basis for the application of endophytes in the
field. [Methods] The effect of
the plant endophyte Alternaria GX5 on various maize nutrients, secondary
metabolites and hormones was investigated, and the developmental period,
fecundity, and survival rate of R. maidis populations feeding on maize
plants with, and without, the GX5 endophyte, were measured. [Results] The GX5 endophyte significantly extended the
developmental time of R. maidis by 10.02% (P=0.003), and
significantly reduced its fecundity (P<0.001) and survival
rate (P<0.001), by
43.55% and 46.72%, respectively. The endophyte also significantly increased the
fresh weight (P<0.001),
soluble sugar (P<0.001),
tannin (P=0.029), total phenol (P=0.005), and salicylic acid
(SA) (P<0.001) content of maize plants by 21.32%, 48.36%, 9.81%,
2.86%, and 14.41%, respectively. However, it significantly reduced their jasmonic
acid (JA) (P<0.001) content by 22.47%. [Conclusion] The GX5 endophyte significantly increased the
amount of soluble sugar and secondary metabolites in maize plants, activated SA
content, and inhibited JA content, thereby significantly suppressing the
growth, development, fecundity and survival of R. maidis feeding on
these plants. This study is of great significance for understanding the
interaction among plant endophytes, plants, and herbivorous insects and provide
a theoretical basis for the rational use of plant endophytes in pest control.