罗勒对玉米田害虫和天敌的影响及田间应用
The impact of basil (Ocimum basilicum) on pests and natural enemies in maize fields and its field application
李振豪1** 翟鑫意1** 金志熙1 鲁艳辉2 林奕雯1 杨艺婷1 吕仲贤1, 2 朱平阳1***
点击：62次 下载：5次
DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.062
作者单位：1. 浙江师范大学生命科学学院, 金华 321004；2. 浙江省农业科学院植物保护与微生物研究所，杭州 310021
中文关键词： 罗勒；蜜源植物；寄生蜂；鳞翅目害虫；寿命；控害能力
英文关键词：Ocimum basilicum; nectar plant; parasitoids; lepidopteran pests; longevity; pest control ability
中文摘要：【目的】 本研究结合室内和田间试验，评估罗勒Ocimum basilicum对玉米害虫寄生蜂的吸引力及其生态防控作用。【方法】 通过测定罗勒花对玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma
ostriniae、螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis、松毛虫赤眼蜂Trichogramma dendrolimi、稻螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma japonicum、腰带长体茧蜂Macrocentrus cingulum和中红侧沟茧蜂Microplitis mediator 6种寄生蜂的嗅觉行为反应，明确罗勒对寄生蜂的吸引力；以罗勒花饲喂以上6种寄生蜂和玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua、草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda及棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera 4种玉米主要鳞翅目害虫，明确罗勒花对寄生蜂和害虫的寿命、寄生力或繁殖力的影响；通过田间试验，在玉米田间作罗勒验证罗勒在玉米田中的实际控害效果。【结果】 罗勒花能显著吸引以上6种玉米关键害虫寄生性天敌，延长除腰带长体茧蜂外的几种供试寄生蜂的寿命；有罗勒花存在时，螟黄赤眼蜂、松毛虫赤眼蜂、稻螟赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂的寄生力分别显著提升了48.52%（P < 0.001）、71.21%（P = 0.001）、51.53%（P =
0.001）和70.63%（P < 0.001）。此外，罗勒仅对玉米螟雄蛾的寿命有显著促进作用（P =
0.002），对其它供试鳞翅目害虫的寿命（雌：棉铃虫：P = 0.368；玉米螟：P = 0.877；甜菜夜蛾：P = 0.588；草地贪夜蛾：P = 0.069；雄：棉铃虫：P = 0.253；甜菜夜蛾：P = 0.112；草地贪夜蛾：P = 0.433）及产卵量（棉铃虫：P = 0.447；玉米螟：P = 0.447；甜菜夜蛾：P = 0.526；草地贪夜蛾：P = 0.526）均无显著影响。进一步田间试验表明，罗勒能够显著增加玉米害虫的捕食性天敌（95.12%）（P < 0.001）和寄生性天敌（77.55%）（P < 0.001）的数量，减少玉米害虫种群（30.50%）（P < 0.001），并显著提升玉米的产量（16.58%）（P < 0.001）。【结论】 罗勒是对玉米害虫寄生性天敌有益的蜜源植物，在田间可以提升玉米农田生态系统的控害功能，并提升玉米的产量。本研究为罗勒在农业害虫管理中的应用提供了科学依据，也为实现农业可持续发展提供了新的思路和方法。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To
evaluate the benefits of co-planting basil, Ocimum basilicum, to protect
maize crops from insect pests. [Methods] The olfactory behavioral responses of six parasitic wasps; Trichogramma
ostriniae, Trichogramma chilonis, Trichogramma dendrolimi, Trichogramma
japonicum, Macrocentrus cingulum and Microplitis mediator to Oc.
basilicum, were determined. The effect of basil flowers on the longevity,
parasitism and fecundity of the above six parasitic wasps and four main
lepidopteran pests of maize (Ostrinia furnacalis, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa armigera), was also
investigated and the effectiveness of planting basil was also tested in corn
fields. [Results] Oc.
basilicum significantly attracted all six parasitic wasp species, and
prolonged the adult longevity of all species, except Ma. cingulum. It
also enhanced the parasitic ability of the four Trichogramma species, with
the parasitism of T. chilonis, T. dendrolimi, T. japonicum,
and T. pretiosum increasing significantly by 48.52% (P <
0.001), 71.21% (P = 0.001), 51.53% (P = 0.001), and 70.63% (P < 0.001). Basil had no significant effect on the longevity (female: H.
armigera: P = 0.368; Os. furnacalis: P = 0.877; S.
exigua: P = 0.588; S. frugiperda: P = 0.069; male: H.
armigera: P = 0.253; S. exigua: P = 0.112; S.
frugiperda: P = 0.433) or fecundity (H. armigera: P =
0.447; Os. furnacalis: P = 0.447; S. exigua: P =
0.526; S. frugiperda: P = 0.526) of the four lepidopteran maize
pests, except for the longevity of Os. furnacalis male (P =
0.002). The results of field experiments indicate that basil significantly
increased the numbers of predatory (95.12%) (P < 0.001), and
parasitic (77.55%) (P < 0.001), natural enemies of maize pests, reduced
the abundance pest species (30.50%) (P < 0.001), and significantly
enhanced corn yield (16.58%) (P < 0.001). [Conclusion] Basil is an effective nectar producing plant
that is attractive to the parasitic natural enemies of maize pests, improves
ecological pest control in maize crops, and increases maize yield. These
results provide a scientific basis for co-planting basil for ecological pest
management in maize fields, and new ideas and methods for sustainable
agricultural development.