【目的】 本研究以赤水桫椤国家级自然保护区内黄缘蜾蠃Anterhynchium flavomarginatum为研究对象，探讨筑巢时间和巢管内径对其子代数量和性别分配的影响。【方法】 通过人工巢穴技术收集黄缘蜾蠃筑巢巢穴，对其进行系统地观察记录，分析其子代性比及巢室数量分布，并用Wilcoxon秩和检验进行验证。【结果】 共收集2023年独栖蜂筑巢巢管1 741个，其中黄缘蜾蠃筑巢巢管共计1 471个，占比84.5%，其猎物为鳞翅目草螟科和螟蛾科的幼虫。亲代黄缘蜾蠃6月筑巢子代雌雄比最高（2.00），8月最低（0.79）；巢室数量10月最多，6月最少；8月子代雄性数量最多且显著多于6月（P<0.001），10月子代雌性数量最多且显著多于6月（P<0.001）和9月（P=0.031）。亲代对巢管内径的选择分析显示巢管内径在4-8 mm之间子代雌雄比最高（1.50），16-20 mm之间雌雄比最小（0.69）；8-12 mm内径的巢管中巢室数量和雌雄数量均显著（P<0.05）高于其它巢管，雌雄比为1.22。【结论】 亲代黄缘蜾蠃可根据筑巢月份和巢管口径调整其营巢策略，其子代巢室数量和性别分配均受筑巢月份和巢管口径的显著影响。研究结果为理解黄缘蜾蠃的生殖策略和生态适应提供了新的见解。

 [Aim]  To investigate the influence of nest-building time, emergence time and other factors, on the offspring sex ratio of the wasp Anterhynchium flavomarginatum in the Guizhou Chishui Cyathea Reserve . [Methods]  A. flavomarginatum were captured using trap nests in 2023, after which colonies were systematically observed and recorded. The offspring sex ratio and temporal fluctuation in nest numbers were analyzed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. [Results]  A total of 1 471 nests were observed; 84.5% of the 1 741 solitary wasp nests. Prey were mainly lepidopteran larvae of the Crambidae and Pyralidae families. The offspring sex ratio was highest (2.00) in June and lowest (0.79) in August. The highest number of nests was in October and the lowest in June. The number of male offspring was highest in August, significantly higher than in June (P<0.001), and the number of female offspring was highest in October, significantly higher than in July (P<0.001) and September (P=0.031). The ratio of male to female offspring was highest in nests of 4-8 mm diameter (1.50), and in nests of 16-20 mm nest diameter (0.69). The number of insect cells and the number of males and females in nests with an inner entrance diameter of 8-12 mm were significantly higher than in other nests, and the female to male offspring ratio in such nests was 1.22. [Conclusion]  A. flavomarginatum can adjust its nesting strategy according to the nesting season and the nest tube diameter, and the number of nests and sex ratio of its offspring are significantly affected by nesting time and nest tube diameter. These results provide new insights into the reproductive strategies and ecological adaptations of A. flavomarginatum.