沙巴拟刀角瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食功能反应
Functional response of Pangia sababensis to Bemisia tabaci
赵冬梅1** 阙心怡2 曾莉玲2 黄楚阳2 王兴民2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.075
作者单位：1. 浙江大学山东（临沂）现代农业研究院，临沂 276034；2. 生物防治教育部工程研究中心， 广东省生物农药创制与应用重点实验室，华南农业大学植物保护学院昆虫学系，广州 510642
中文关键词：沙巴拟刀角瓢虫；烟粉虱；捕食能力；功能反应；温度；捕食量
英文关键词： Pangia sababensis; Bemisia tabaci; predatory ability; functional response; temperature; predation quantity
中文摘要：
【目的】 烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci是危害多种农作物的重要害虫，在其诸多捕食性天敌中，对东南亚地区粉虱类害虫的优势捕食性天敌沙巴拟刀角瓢虫Pangia sababensis的研究鲜有报道，其控害潜力尚未得到充分研究。本文在观察其捕食量的基础上对沙巴拟刀角瓢虫的功能反应、温度对功能反应的影响和沙巴拟刀角瓢虫个体间的干扰反应进行了研究，以进一步评价沙巴拟刀角瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食潜能。【方法】 在室内条件下设置卵、1-4龄期烟粉虱若虫及伪蛹供沙巴拟刀角瓢虫捕食，统计沙巴拟瓢虫1-4龄若虫对烟粉虱卵及沙巴拟瓢虫雌成虫对烟粉虱各龄期的捕食量，研究沙巴拟刀角瓢虫对烟粉虱的捕食功能反应、搜寻效应及自身密度干扰作用。【结果】 沙巴拟刀角瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱卵、1-4龄若虫及伪蛹的功能反应均属Holling Ⅱ型，沙巴拟刀角瓢虫成虫对各虫态烟粉虱的捕食量随着烟粉虱密度的增大而增加，增加的程度随猎物密度增加而逐渐变缓；对不同虫态烟粉虱的瞬时攻击率以卵最大，4龄若虫最小；处理时间卵最短，伪蛹最长；温度15-30 ℃范围内，沙巴拟刀角瓢虫成虫对烟粉虱卵的瞬时攻击率随着温度的增加而增加。【结论】 沙巴拟刀角瓢虫对烟粉虱表现出较高的捕食能力和控害潜力，温度对沙巴拟刀角瓢虫的捕食效应影响显著，但不能改变其功能反应类型。在猎物密度固定的情况下，沙巴拟刀角瓢虫的捕食量随自身密度的增加而减少，瞬时攻击率降低。研究结果为沙巴拟刀角瓢虫的产业化和烟粉虱的生物防治提供了理论基础和数据支撑。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To assess the potential of using Pangia
sababensis as a biological control for Bemisia tabaci. [Methods] The number of eggs, 1st-4th instar nymphs and adults of B.
tabaci consumed by adult P. sababensis were recorded under
laboratory conditions. The functional response, search efficiency, and
density-dependent interference, were also calculated. [Results] The functional response of adult P.
sababensis to B. tabaci eggs, 1st-4th instar nymphs and pseudopupae, conformed to the Holling Ⅱ
type. This suggests that adult P. sababensis are effective predators of B.
tabaci. Our results indicate that P. sababensis has a high predatory
capacity for different developmental stages of B. tabaci, and that
predation rates increase with prey density. However, the increase in predation
rate declined at higher prey densities. Adult P. sababensis were most efficient
searching for eggs and least efficient searching for 4th instar nymphs.
Processing time was the shortest for eggs and longest for pupae. Furthermore,
search efficiency increased with temperature within the range of 15-30 ℃. [Conclusion] P. sababensis is an efficient
predator of B. tabaci and has the potential to be an effective
biological control for this pest. Temperature, however, has a significant
effect on its predatory efficiency. In addition, at a given prey
density, the predation rate and search efficiency of P. sababensis declined
with increasing conspecific density. These results provide a scientific basis
for utilizing P. sababensis as a biological control for B. tabaci.