【目的】 首次报道一种为害灵芝Ganoderma lucidum的新害虫——白头白果蝇Leucophenga albiceps。明确其为害情况、形态特征及分子鉴定依据，助力林下灵芝栽培产业健康发展。【方法】 采用五点取样法调查该害虫在林下灵芝栽培过程中的为害情况。在显微镜下对该害虫进行形态学观察和解剖，描述其外观形态及雄性外生殖器特征。利用DNA条形码技术扩增该虫线粒体DNA细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（Mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ，mtDNA-COⅠ）基因进行分子鉴定，并构建系统发育树。【结果】 该害虫春季开始活动，7-8月进入为害盛期，一年发生数代，世代重叠严重。一般在新开辟的林地为害较轻，第二年开始逐年加重，是重庆地区林下灵芝栽培过程中影响灵芝产量和质量的主要虫害。该害虫外观形态及雄性生殖器特征与白果蝇属Leucophenga昆虫相符，分子鉴定结果显示该虫与白头白果蝇L. albiceps COⅠ序列（登录号：KP697095.1）的相似度达97.5%，在系统发育树上两者聚为一支，种内平均遗传距离为0.012，确定其为白头白果蝇。【结论】 本研究报道的白头白果蝇为重庆新纪录种，也是首次发现其在重庆林下灵芝栽培过程中为害严重，此研究结果为深入研究其发生规律和防控技术奠定了基础。

 [Aim]  To present the first report of a new pest of Ganoderma lucidum, Leucophenga albiceps. The objectives include clarifying its damage patterns, morphological characteristics, and molecular identification to promote the healthy development of G. lucidum cultivation. [Methods]  The five-point sampling method was used to investigate the damage caused by this pest. Genomic DNA was extracted from specimens collected in the field, and the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunitⅠ (COⅠ) were amplified for molecular identification. The neighbor-joining method was used to construct phylogenetic trees. [Results]  The survey results indicate that the pest appears in spring and causes serious damage to G. lucidum in July and August. Multiple generations are produced in a year with significant overlap between generations. Damage in recently invaded woodlands was slight, but became serious in the second year; L. albiceps has become the main pest affecting the yield and quality of G. lucidum in the Chongqing area. The morphology and characteristics of the male genitalia were consistent with those of other members of the genus Leucophenga, and the similarity of the obtained COⅠ sequence (accession number: KP697095.1) to that published for L. albiceps reached 97.5%. The average genetic distance within the species was 0.012. Therefore, both morphological and phylogenetic results indicate that the pest causing damage to G. lucidum was L. albiceps. [Conclusion]  L. albiceps is a newly recorded pest in Chongqing that has not previously been known to damage G. lucidum. These results lay the groundwork for in-depth studies on the occurrence, prevention, and control of this pest.