【目的】 本研究对西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera泛素结合酶E2-22 kD（AmUBCD4）开展生物信息学解析，系统检测该基因在工蜂不同组织及发育阶段的表达特征，为深入探索其生物学功能提供理论基础。【方法】 使用相关生物信息学软件预测和分析AmUBCD4的理化性质、分子特性、二级结构、三级结构和蛋白互作网络，并进行西方蜜蜂和其他昆虫UBCD4的保守基序和结构域鉴定和比较。通过实时荧光定量PCR (RT-qPCR)鉴定AmUBCD4在西方蜜蜂工蜂脑、咽下腺、中肠、触角、毒腺、表皮和脂肪体各不同组织及卵、幼虫、预蛹和蛹各发育阶段的相对表达量。【结果】 AmUBCD4含199个氨基酸，分子式为C₁₀₁₀H₁₅₈₄N₂₇₀O₂₉₈S₇，分子量约为22.50 kD，理论等电点为5.31，不稳定指数为45.22，半衰期为30 h，脂肪系数为88.29，平均亲水系数为﹣0.303。AmUBCD4含25个磷酸化位点，不含跨膜结构域和信号肽。AmUBCD4与Uba1和RpL40等10个蛋白构成1个互作网络。西方蜜蜂和其他9种昆虫的UBCD4均包含5个相同保守基序。西方蜜蜂、切叶蜂Megachile rotundata、金小蜂Nasonia vitripennis、造纸胡峰Polistes dominula、东方蜜蜂Apis cerana、欧洲熊蜂Bombus terrestris、小蜜蜂Apis florea和家蚕 Bombyx mori的UBCD4皆包含UBA_Ⅱ_E2_UBCD4和UBCc结构域。AmUBCD4在工蜂的触角、脑、中肠、毒腺、脂肪体、表皮和咽下腺中表现出差异表达。其中，表皮中的表达量最高，而中肠中的表达量最低。AmUBCD4的表达量在卵中最高，随后逐渐下降，至12日龄蛹时达到最低。【结论】 AmUBCD4可能是亲水蛋白和胞内蛋白，AmUBCD4在西方蜜蜂工蜂的表皮和咽下腺及卵和3日龄幼虫中特异性高表达。

 [Aim]  This study aims to perform bioinformatic analysis of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-22 kD (AmUBCD4) in Apis mellifera and determine its expression patterns in various tissues and developmental stages of worker bees, providing a basis for exploring its functional roles. Bioinformatic tools were employed to analyze the physicochemical properties, molecular structures (including secondary and tertiary structures), and protein interaction network of AmUBCD4. Meanwhile, a comparative study was conducted on the conserved motifs and domains of UBCD4 between A. mellifera and other insects. A comparison of conserved motifs and structural domains in UBCD4 in A. mellifera and other insects was also conducted. RT-qPCR was used to evaluate the relative expression of AmUBCD4 in different worker tissues, including the brain, hypopharyngeal gland, midgut, antenna, venom gland, cuticle, and fat body, as well as in different developmental stages, including eggs, larvae, pre-pupae, and pupae. [Results]  AmUBCD4 consists of 199 amino acids, with a molecular formula of C₁₀₁₀H₁₅₈₄N₂₇₀O₂₉₈S₇. Its molecular weight is approximately 22.50 kD, and the theoretical isoelectric point is 5.31. The instability index of AmUBCD4 is 45.22, the half-life is 30 h, the lipid coefficient is 88.29, and the average hydrophilicity coefficient is﹣0.303. Additionally, AmUBCD4 contains 25 phosphorylation sites, while it lacks a transmembrane domain and a signal peptide. AmUBCD4 putatively interacts with 10 proteins, including Uba1 and RpL40. UBCD4 has 5 conserved motifs common to A. mellifera and other nine insects. Both the UBA_Ⅱ_E2_UBCD4 and the UBCc structural domains are present in UBCD4 in A. mellifera, Megachile rotundata, Nasonia vitripennis, Polistes dominula, A. cerana, Bombus terrestris, A. florea and Bombyx mori. AmUBCD4 was differentially expressed in the antennae, brain, midgut, venom gland, fat body, cuticle and hypopharyngeal gland, with the highest expression in the cuticle and the lowest in the midgut. With respect to developmental stages, expression was highest in eggs, and progressively decreased in subsequent developmental stages, being lowest in 12-day-old pupae. [Conclusion]  AmUBCD4 is a potential hydrophilic, intracellular protein that is most highly expressed in the cuticle and hypopharyngeal gland, and in egg stage, of A. mellifera workers.