【【目的】】 家蚕Bombyx mori是重要的资源昆虫，其主产品蚕丝具有极高的生物学价值与经济价值。目前，与家蚕产丝调控相关的基因研究较少。为丰富家蚕产丝相关基因的基础数据，深入挖掘家蚕产丝机制，本研究开展了家蚕产丝相关基因的生物信息学分析。【【方法】】 本研究整合了前期对15个蚕丝产量相关的改良相关基因的注释，采用转录组分析方法筛选出显著差异表达的家蚕产丝相关基因，对其进行了染色体定位分析、理化性质分析及亚细胞定位分析、富集分析；并针对关键家蚕产丝相关基因agtpbp1与lov进行了60个鳞翅目物种范围的种间基因家族鉴定与进化分析。【【结果】】 结果表明，蚕丝产量相关的改良基因NDRG3、PDSS1、beta-Spec、KNCK1、unc-22、BR3、ZMYND8、XNP_1、Bin1、lov在家蚕蛹前期与5龄幼虫的前丝腺部位具有显著表达差异，P值分别为4.523 2×10^﹣6、1.586 6×10^﹣4、5.261 5×10^﹣7、6.210 8×10^﹣3、8.113 4×10^﹣10、2.014 5×10^﹣19、4.858 2×10^﹣2、7.767 6×10^﹣23、3.361 3×10^﹣17、3.896 7×10^﹣4；蚕丝产量相关的改良基因beta-Spec、XNP_2、KNCK1、agtpbp1、BR3、XNP_1、Bin1、dpyd、lov在家蚕蛹前期与5龄幼虫的中丝腺部位具有显著表达差异，P值分别为9.518 4×10^﹣8、1.984 3×10^﹣3、4.451 3×10^﹣3、1.536 7×10^﹣2、3.185 9×10^﹣8、1.111 6×10^﹣9、6.770 7×10^﹣30、9.297 5×10^﹣3、4.735 3×10^﹣2；蚕丝产量相关的改良基因NDRG3、beta-Spec、XNP_2、KNCK1、agtpbp1、unc-22、BR3、lov在家蚕蛹前期与5龄幼虫的后丝腺部位具有显著表达差异，P值分别为8.433 2×10^﹣3、1.372 5×10^﹣46、1.059 8×10^﹣10、6.215 6×10^﹣5、1.235 0×10^﹣11、2.491 7×10^﹣3、8.664 0×10^﹣25、9.349 1×10^﹣4。这些基因在转录、转录后修饰、翻译及翻译后修饰等多个层面直接或间接影响蚕丝蛋白的合成与储存。分析显示，agtpbp1和lov种间基因家族分别具有34和37个基因，且两个家族分别有26和1个正选择基因，agtpbp1家族的Bbet001799等8个基因存在正选择位点。【【结论】】 本研究分析了15个蚕丝产量相关的改良相关基因，鉴定了agtpbp1和lov两个关键基因的种间基因家族，完成了其进化分析。

[Aim]  To provide baseline data on the mechanisms underlying silk production in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.  [Methods] This study integrated previous annotations of 15 B. mori genes related to silk production and employed transcriptome analysis to identify those that were significantly differentially expressed. Chromosome mapping, physicochemical property analysis, subcellular localization, and enrichment analysis were then used to elucidate the function of these genes. In addition, interspecies gene family identification and a phylogenetic analysis were performed on the key silk production related genes agtpbp1 and lov of 60 lepidopteran species. [Results]  Silk production related genes NDRG3, PDSS1, beta-Spec, KNCK1, unc-22, BR3, ZMYND8, XNP_1, Bin1 and lov, were significantly differentially expressed in anterior silk gland of B. mori during the dispersal stage compared to 5th instar larva, respectively, with the P-values of 4.523 2× 10^﹣6, 1.586 6×10^﹣4, 5.261 5×10^﹣7, 6.210 8×10^﹣3, 8.113 4×10^﹣10, 2.014 5×10^﹣19, 4.858 2×10^﹣2, 7.767 6×10^﹣23, 3.361 3×10^﹣17, 3.896 7×10^﹣4; beta-Spec, XNP_2, KNCK1, agtpbp1, BR3, XNP_1, Bin1, dpyd and lov, were significantly differentially expressed in middle silk gland of B. mori during the dispersal stage compared to 5th instar larva, respectively, with the P-values of 9.518 4×10^﹣8, 1.984 3×10^﹣3, 4.451 3×10^﹣3, 1.536 7×10^﹣2, 3.185 9×10^﹣8, 1.111 6×10^﹣9, 6.770 7×10^﹣30, 9.297 5×10^﹣3, 4.735 3×10^﹣2; NDRG3, beta-Spec, XNP_2, KNCK1, agtpbp1, unc-22, BR3 and lov, were significantly differentially expressed in posterior silk gland of B. mori during the dispersal stage compared to 5th instar larva, respectively, with the P-values of 8.433 2×10^﹣3, 1.372 5×10^﹣46, 1.059 8×10^﹣10, 6.215 6×10^﹣5, 1.235 0×10^﹣11, 2.491 7×10^﹣3, 8.664 0×10^﹣25, 9.349 1×10^﹣4. These genes directly, or indirectly, influence silk protein synthesis and storage at multiple levels, including transcription, post-transcriptional modification, translation and post-translational modification. The interspecies gene families agtpbp1 and lov contain 34 and 37 genes, respectively, with 26 and 1 positively selected gene in each family. Eight genes, including Bbet001799 in the agtpbp1 family have positively selected sites. [Conclusion]  These results shed light on the function of 15 silk production related genes and the interspecies gene families agtpbp1 and lov.