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亮腹釉小蜂的控害潜能及其与六斑月瓢虫 对柑橘木虱的联合控制效果研究
The potential of Tamarixia radiata to control Diaphorina citri, including the potential for synergistic control by both T. radiata and Menochilus sexmaculata
熊泽恩** 刘兆康 李敏儿 董露露 谢予希 何万财 桑 文***
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DOI:10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.096
作者单位:华南农业大学植物保护学院,生物防治教育部工程研究中心,绿色农药全国重点实验室,广州 510640
中文关键词:柑橘木虱;亮腹釉小蜂;六斑月瓢虫;功能反应;协同控害
英文关键词: Diaphorina citri; Tamarixia radiata; Menochilus sexmaculata; functional response; synergistic control
中文摘要:

【目的】 柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri是柑橘黄龙病(Huanglongbing, HLB)的田间传播媒介。亮腹釉小蜂Tamarixia radiate是柑橘木虱的重要寄生性天敌,为了明确其对柑橘木虱的控害潜能,本文研究了亮腹釉小蜂对柑橘木虱的寄生功能反应、自身密度干扰效应、温度对其寄生能力的影响及其与六斑月瓢虫Menochilus sexmaculata 对柑橘木虱的协同控害效果。【方法】 在室内条件下,研究了单头亮腹釉小蜂雌成虫对柑橘木虱4龄与5龄若虫的寄生功能反应;不同密度亮腹釉小蜂的干扰效应;不同温度对亮腹釉小蜂寄生能力的影响。此外,还比较了亮腹釉小蜂与六斑月瓢虫组合释放与单独释放时对柑橘木虱的控制效果。【结果】 25 ℃时亮腹釉小蜂对柑橘木虱4龄和5龄若虫的寄生功能反应均符合Holling Ⅱ型,单头日理论最大寄生量随寄主虫龄增加,分别为55.55和90.91头。当亮腹釉小蜂自身密度增加时,对柑橘木虱4龄和5龄若虫的日寄生量降低。从25 ℃到39 ℃,随着温度升高,亮腹釉小蜂对柑橘木虱日均寄生量显著降低(F3,16=344, P<0.001; F3,16=295.07, P<0.001),当温度达39 ℃时,亮腹釉小蜂在2 h内全部死亡,寄生量为0。实验室笼罩实验表明,当亮腹釉小蜂、六斑月瓢虫这两种天敌与柑橘木虱成虫益比为2∶1∶4时,这两种天敌的组合控害能力最佳,3周后达93.24%。【结论】 亮腹釉小蜂对柑橘木虱有较强的控制能力,且对5龄若虫优于4龄,但其对高温的耐受能力差,亮腹釉小蜂、六斑月瓢虫、柑橘木虱成虫益比为2∶1∶4,联合使用有利于提高天敌对柑橘木虱的防控效果。

英文摘要:

[Aim]  To determine the potential of Tamarixia radiata to act as a biological control for Diaphorina citri, a vector of Huanglongbing (HLB), and the potential for synergistic control in conjunction with Menochilus sexmaculata. [Methods]  The parasitic functional response of adult female T. radiata towards 4th and 5th instar nymphs of D. citri was measured under laboratory conditions. The effect of different densities of T. radiata on the parasitism rate was examined, along with the effect of temperature. Furthermore, the benefit of releasing just T. radiata to control D. citri, or releasing this species together with  M. sexmaculata, was assessed. [Results]  At 25 ℃, the parasitic function response of T. radiata to 4th and 5th instar nymphs followed the Holling Ⅱ type pattern, with the theoretical maximum daily number of prey being 55.55 and 90.91, respectively. The daily parasitism rate decreased significantly when T. radiata density increased in relation to both instars. An increase in temperature from 25 ℃ to 39 ℃ was followed by a significant decrease in the daily parasitism rate of D. citri nymphs (F3,16=344, P<0.001; F3,16=295.07, P<0.001). A temperature of 39 ℃ was lethal to T. radiata within 2 hours; no D. citri nymphs were parasitized at this temperature. Field enclosure experiments demonstrated that releasing both T. radiata and          M. sexmaculata so that the ratio of these and adult D. citri was 2∶1∶4, reduced the D. citri population by 93 .24% after 3 weeks. [Conclusion]  T. radiata is an effective parasite of 5th instar D. citri nymphs, but is less effectiveness against 4th instar nymphs. It also has low tolerance to high temperatures. Best results were achieved by releasing T. radiata in combination with M. sexmaculata so that the ratio of these species and adult D. citri was 2∶1∶4.

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