【目的】 探明和比较橘小实蝇 Bactrocera dorsalis和瓜实蝇Zeugodacus cucurbitae对三亚地区主要果蔬作物的寄主适合度，为两种实蝇在三亚地区的针对性防控提供数据参考。【方法】 采用生物学观察法在室内监测了两种实蝇羽化后的产卵量随时间的变化以及在芒果、莲雾、黄瓜、南瓜等三亚地区果蔬作物上的发育繁殖情况，并测定了果皮完整性对两种实蝇产卵偏好性的影响。【结果】 在各自的优势寄主芒果和南瓜上，橘小实蝇的产卵量显著（P<0.01）高于瓜实蝇，且两种实蝇的产卵高峰期均发生在羽化后  20 d 左右；供试寄主果蔬中，橘小实蝇对芒果、香蕉和番茄的寄主适合度最高，瓜实蝇对芒果、黄瓜和南瓜的寄主适合度最高；橘小实蝇和瓜实蝇均偏好在果皮破损的果实上产卵。【结论】 初步明确了橘小实蝇和瓜实蝇对三亚地区主要果蔬作物的寄主适合度及两种实蝇的产卵特点，研究结果将为两种害虫的科学测报与防控提供理论依据。

 [Aim]  To compare the adaptability of the citrus fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and melon fruit fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae to different fruit and vegetable hosts in the Sanya region to develop a targeted control strategy for these pests. [Methods]  Three biological investigations of female adults of these two Tephritid fruit flies were conducted under laboratory conditions; female fecundity on different days post adult emergence, the development and reproduction of each species on mango, wax apple, cucumber, pumpkin and some other fruit and vegetable crops in Sanya and whether females prefer to oviposit on fruits with intact or damaged peel. [Results]  The female fecundity of B. dorsalis was much higher than of Z. cucurbitae on its preferred host plant (P<0.01). The oviposition peak of both species occurred on the 20th day post adult emergence. Among the host plants tested, B. dorsalis adapted well to mango, banana and tomato, whereas Z. cucurbitae adapted well to mango, cucumber and pumpkin. Both species preferred to lay eggs on fruits with damaged peels. [Conclusion]  Both B. dorsalis and Z. cucurbitae can use multiple host plants in the Sanya region.