【目的】 明确新疆哈密地区葡萄园昆虫结构类群和时序变化，分析害虫和天敌的发生动态，为害虫综合防控提供科学依据。【方法】 采用网扫法和马来氏网诱集法获取昆虫标本，运用多样性指数统计分析哈密地区葡萄园内昆虫群落结构及其多样性。【结果】 共获得昆虫样本18 736头，隶属于9目64科，以膜翅目（31.25%）、双翅目（25.00%）、鞘翅目（15.63%）和半翅目（14.06%）为葡萄园昆虫优势类群；葡萄园9月中旬昆虫数量最多（3 414头），群落多样性指数在1.17-2.81之间，群落丰富度指数在17-47之间，群落均匀度指数在0.32-0.80之间，群落优势集中指数在0.09-0.56之间，葡萄园主要害虫有双翅目果蝇，半翅目蚜虫、盲蝽、叶蝉和缨翅目蓟马，其中始花期（5月）主要害虫为蚜虫和盲蝽，葡萄浆果生长期（6月上旬-8月中上旬）主要害虫为蚜虫和蓟马，葡萄成熟期（8月下旬-9月下旬）主要害虫为果蝇、盲蝽和叶蝉。主要天敌有草蛉、蚜茧蜂、姬小蜂、缨小蜂、缘腹细蜂和跳小蜂。多样性分析结果表明哈密葡萄园昆虫群落资源丰富并具有稳定性。【结论】 本研究明确了哈密地区葡萄园昆虫群落结构及其稳定性，并为葡萄园害虫防治和天敌保护提供了科学依据。

 [Aim]  To investigate the population dynamics of insect pests and their natural enemies in vineyards in Hami, Xinjiang to improve the forecasting and control of major insect pests in this region. [Methods]  Insect specimens were captured using net sweeping and Malaise trapping and their community structure and diversity was statistically analyzed using diversity indices. [Results]  A total of 18 736 insect samples were collected, belonging to 9 orders and 64 families. The Hymenoptera (31.25%), Diptera (25.00%), Coleoptera (15.63%), and Hemiptera (14.06%), were the dominant insect taxa. The maximum number of insects captured was 3 414 in mid-September. The community diversity index ranged from 1.17 to 2.81, the community richness index ranged from 17 to 47, and the temporal trend in the community evenness index was basically consistent with that of the diversity index, ranging from 0.32 to 0.80. The dominant concentration index ranged from 0.09 to 0.56. The main pests in vineyards were fruit flies (Diptera), aphids, mirid bugs, leafhoppers (Hemiptera), and thrips (Thysanoptera). During the initial flowering period (May), aphids and mirid bugs were the primary pests, whereas aphids and thrips were the dominant pests during the grape berry stage (early June to mid-August). Fruit flies, mirid bugs, and leafhoppers became the primary pests during the grape maturation period (late August to late September). The main natural enemies of insect pests were members of the Chrysopidae, Aphidiidae, Eulophidae, Mymaridae, Scelionidae and Encyrtidae. Diversity analysis indicates that insect pests in Hami vineyards have a diverse range of natural enemies with stable populations. [Conclusion]  This study clarifies insect community structure and stability in Hami vineyards, thereby providing a better basis for pest control and the protection of natural enemies in the vineyards of this region.