【目的】 东亚履绵蚧Drosicha contrahens是林木上的重要害虫之一。本研究旨在明确东亚履绵蚧雌雄不同虫龄的泌蜡腺体和蜡泌物的超微结构。【方法】 采用扫描电镜技术对东亚履绵蚧雌雄每一个虫龄进行详细拍照。【结果】 东亚履绵蚧雌雄虫体均存在单心多孔腺和双心多孔腺两种泌蜡腺体，雌雄之间腺体类型数量以及同种腺体形态均存在差异，而且同种腺体的内部结构在不同发育阶段也存在变异。另外，该种昆虫从1龄若虫即开始分泌蜡泌物，蜡泌物分为两类，一类是光滑弯曲为C形中间有凹陷的蜡丝，由多孔腺的外孔分泌。仅在雄成虫期，由于外孔形态变化，蜡丝变为中间具纵脊且弯曲为C型；另一类是光滑的实心长蜡丝，由多孔腺的内孔分泌。【结论】 随着若虫生长发育，雌虫腺体数量逐渐增加，相应的蜡泌物逐渐覆盖体表，可保护虫体免受外界伤害。尤其阴门区域的多孔腺分泌足量的弯曲蜡丝粘附在体表，保护阴门免受蜜露污染以及雌虫在发育后期包裹卵粒，防止其粘连。雄虫的腺体数量在蛹期之前呈递增趋势，蛹期及雄成虫阶段腺体数量明显减少，表明其在不同发育阶段对生存策略进行了适应性调整。此外，东亚履绵蚧腺体的形态具有重要的分类学意义。

 [Aim]  Drosicha contrahens is one of the most important pests on forest trees. To study the ultrastructure of the major wax glands and wax secretions of male and female D. contrahens at different stages of development. [Methods]  Detailed photographs of each instar were taken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [Results]  The results revealed that the males and females have two types of multilocular pores; single-centered and double-centered. There are also differences in the types of glands, and in the morphology of homologous glands between the sexes, as well as variations in the internal structure of homologous glands of different developmental stages. This species begins to secrete wax at the first-instar nymph stage. Wax secretion are of two types: Smooth C-shaped wax filaments secreted by the outer loculi of multilocular pores, and smooth solid long wax filaments secreted by the inner loculi of multilocular pores. Because of changes in the morphology of their outer loculi, adult males secrete C-shaped wax filaments with longitudinal ridges in the center. [Conclusion]  The number of multilocular pores gradually increases as female larvae grow and develop, so that wax secretions gradually cover their entire body surface which may protect them from external damage. The multilocular pores around the vulva secrete a sufficient amount of curved wax filaments that adhere to the body surface, protecting the vulva from honeydew contamination, as well as wrapping around the egg particles in the later stages of female development to prevent them from sticking together. The number of glands in males also increased until the pupal stage, but male pupae and adults have significantly fewer glands than earlier developmental stages, suggesting an adaptive adjustment during development. In addition, the morphology of       D. contrahens multilocular pores is taxonomically important.