全球粮食与生态安全长期面临害虫为害的严峻挑战，并威胁林业健康与生态系统稳定。农林害虫管理一直是保障农业和林业生产安全的重要措施。害虫管理不仅是一项技术实践，更是人与自然关系的哲学实践。本文从哲学观与方法论两个维度系统阐释了害虫管理的本质与演进逻辑。哲学观层面，通过存在论、认识论、价值论、伦理学与实践论确立治理目标与原则，并在历史演变中实现了从“消灭-控制-调控-生态服务”的哲学观深刻转型，提出重构人与昆虫之间的关系，确立以生态伦理与可持续发展为核心的多元价值框架。方法论层面，害虫管理经历了从经验防治、化学依赖到综合防治（Integrated pest management, IPM）与生态调控（Ecological-regulation of pest management, EPM）的演进，并在信息技术、人工智能、基因编辑等新兴工具及社会政策和公众参与的支撑下，逐步形成多维协同、动态适应的治理体系。本文强调哲学观与方法论的有机整合是构建绿色、高效、伦理可接受的害虫生态调控模式的关键，未来需在跨学科融合、社会治理需求与全球环境变化应对中持续深化，推动可持续农业发展中的害虫系统管理，以实现农业生产安全、生态系统稳定与社会共同福祉的统一。

Global food resources and ecological security have long faced severe challenges from pest outbreaks. The management of such outbreaks is therefore crucial for both agriculture and forestry. Pest management is not only an applied science, but also a philosophical exercise with respect to the relationship between humans and nature. This article systematically expounds on the essence and evolution of the philosophy and methodology of pest management. Philosophically, governance objectives and principles are established through ontology, epistemology, axiology, ethics and practice. Over time, there has been a profound change in the philosophy of pest management from, "eradication-control-regulation-ecological services", to a paradigm of "harmony between man and nature". The later perspective attempts to reconstruct the relationship between humans and insects and establish a multi-value framework centered on ecological ethics and sustainable development. Methodologically, pest management has evolved from empirical control and reliance on chemical pesticides to integrated pest management (IPM) and ecological regulation (EPM). Supported by emerging tools such as information technology, artificial intelligence and gene editing, as well as social policies and public participation, a multi-dimensional, coordinated, and dynamically adaptive governance system has gradually emerged. This review emphasizes importance of the integration of philosophy and methodology to creating a green, efficient, and ethically acceptable, ecological-regulation of pest management model. Future efforts must continue to deepen this integration within the context of interdisciplinary collaboration, global environmental change, and social governance needs, in order to promote a pest management model that combines safe agricultural production with ecosystem stability and the shared well-being of society.