Remarkable progress has been in research on insect RNAi in China since research began in this field at the beginning of the 21st century. Indeed, China now leads the world in both the quantity and quality of scientific publications in this field. This review comprehensively summarizes the significant contributions of RNAi technology to entomological research in China over the past two decades. Using RNAi, Chinese researchers have deepened understanding of insect gene functions and uncovered a range of novel molecular mechanisms underlying various biological processes, such as wing type differentiation. Meanwhile, considerable advances have been made in exploring the potential of RNAi for field applications, including the identification of target genes, development of dsRNA delivery systems, prediction of off-target risks, and industrial implementation. With favorable policy support and a technological foundation already in place, accelerating the development and application of RNA biopesticides will significantly enhance the competitiveness of China’s agriculture and forestry sectors, and provide substantial support for environmentally-friendly, sustainable agricultural development.