Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), as parasitic natural enemies of insects that have been commercially applied internationally and are highly effective against soil-borne and both-boring pests, have played a significant role in the green management of important pests in agriculture, forestry, and health since their introduction to China since the 1960s. Globally, over 150 species of EPNs have been isolated and identified. In China, 27 species of Steinernema and 6 species of Heterorhabditis have been discovered, including 19 new species of Steinernema and 2 new species of Heterorhabditis. Research on the symbiotic bacteria of EPNs has clarified the symbiotic specificity between these bacteria and the nematodes. Numerous toxins and secondary metabolites with insecticidal, antibacterial, and nematicidal activities have been identified from these symbiotic bacteria, demonstrating broad application prospects. The effectiveness of EPNs in field applications is influenced by environmental factors. Studies on the environmental tolerance and underlying mechanisms of EPNs have led to the selection of strains adapted to environmental pressures, which are being used to control specific pests in different regions. Research and technological innovations in the cultivation, formulation, preservation, and application techniques of EPNs have enabled their industrial production in China. Currently, EPNs have been widely adopted in China for pest control, achieving remarkable results in managing pests such as the peach fruit moth (Carposina nipponensis), grubs, and chive maggots (Bradysia odoriphaga) in Chinese chives. This paper comprehensively reviews the research and development progress of these nematodes in China on their identification and classification, industrialization and formulation, symbiotic bacteria, association with the symbiotic bacteria, applications, environmental tolerance, and the relationship with abiotic environmental factors.