The sustained expansion of vegetable cultivation in China in recent years has led to crop pests emerging as a critical constraint on both crop productivity and quality. Traditional chemical control methods are increasingly facing multifaceted challenges, including resistance, pesticide residues, and environmental safety concerns, all of which have collectively spurred the rapid development of biological control methodology. This paper systematically reviews recent research and technological progress in the biological control of vegetable crop pests in China, with a focus on three key areas: the current application status, technological refinements, and integrated deployment strategies of major biological control agents. These agents encompass predatory and parasitic species, entomopathogenic microorganisms (including fungi, bacteria, and viruses), and entomopathogenic nematodes. Furthermore, persistent challenges in scaling up biological control for vegetable pests are identified and further research priorities are outlined. By integrating these insights, this study, aims to provide a robust theoretical framework and scientific foundation for optimizing and upgrading integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in vegetable production systems.