食心虫是果树上的一类重要害虫，主要包括梨小食心虫Grapholita molesta、桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii和苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella等。由于寄主范围广、繁殖力强、危害隐蔽等特点，该类害虫在全球范围造成不同程度的危害，对我国的果树产业造成了严重损失，其防控技术的演变是我国果树行业绿色发展的重要缩影。本文系统性梳理了70年来我国梨小食心虫防控技术的四次重大变革：化学防治主导期（1950-1975年）：依赖有机磷及有机氯类杀虫剂，导致害虫抗药性加剧与生态失衡；综合防治兴起期（1975-2000年）：农业调控、物理阻隔、生物防治技术与科学用药协同应用；绿色防控体系形成期（2000-2015年）：性诱捕器、迷向技术、天敌释放等核心技术的标准化建立和广泛应用；多学科融合创新期（2015至今）：纳米农药、肠道微生物调控、智能监测技术突破性发展。政策支持、技术创新和市场需求共同促进了果树食心虫绿色防控技术的精准化、智能化和低碳化。当前大田害虫的纳米农药减药30%-45%，无人机飞防效率提升10倍，智能监测预警等多项技术已逐渐拓展应用到果树害虫，标志着我国果树食心虫治理进入了绿色可持续发展的新阶段。

 Fruit borers, such as Grapholita molesta, Carposina sasakii and Cydia pomonella, are economically important pests that significantly reduce fruit production. Characterized by their broad host range, high reproductive potential and cryptic feeding behavior, these pests cause varying degrees of damage worldwide and have inflicted substantial economic losses on China's fruit industry. The development of management strategies for these pests reflects critical milestones in the country's transition towards sustainable fruit production. This article systematically reviews four major shifts in the management of fruit borers in China over the past seven decades: (1) The chemical-dominant era (1950-1975) during which reliance on organophosphates and organochlorines led to intensified pesticide resistance and ecological disruption. (2) The emergence of integrated pest management (1975-2000) during which coordinated application of agricultural control, physical barriers, biological control, and scientific pesticide use was adopted. (3) The formation of green management systems (2000-2015), including the standardization and widespread implementation of core technologies such as sex pheromone traps, mating disruption, and natural enemy releases. (4) The Era of Multidisciplinary Innovation (2015-present) which has seen breakthrough developments in nano-pesticides, gut microbiota manipulation, and intelligent monitoring technologies. Policy support, technological innovation, and market demands have collectively driven the advancement of environmentally-friendly, “green” management technologies for fruit borers towards more precise, intelligent, and low-carbon, practices. Current advancements have led to a 30%-45% reduction in chemical pesticide usage through nano-pesticide applications, a tenfold increase in operational efficiency via UAV-based spraying, and over 90% accuracy in intelligent monitoring and early-warning systems for field crop pests. These technologies are now being extended to the management of fruit tree pests. These advances signify that the management of fruit borers in China has entered a new stage of environmentally-friendly, sustainable development.