自1933年家蚕与蝗虫卵滞育的光周期调控被首次揭示以来，昆虫滞育研究已历经90多年的学术积淀。本文聚焦2000年以来国内昆虫滞育研究前沿，系统综述了昆虫滞育调控的核心科学问题研究进展与前沿案例：（1）滞育的环境生态学调节机制；（2）滞育发育动态的生理代谢规律；（3）卵（胚胎）、幼虫、蛹和成虫不同虫态滞育的分子调控机制。展望了今后昆虫滞育基础理论和应用实践研究发展的方向。深化滞育调控机制解析将有助于发掘基于滞育操控的新型分子靶标、构建基于滞育特性的种群基数监测模型，优化重大害虫生态管理策略，也可为传粉昆虫、天敌昆虫和资源昆虫的保育利用提供滞育调控理论依据。本综述旨在为昆虫滞育研究的理论创新与应用转化提供系统性参考。

 Since the elucidation of the photoperiodic regulation of diapause in the eggs of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, and in the locust, Acrydium arenosum, in 1933, there have been over 90 years of research on insect diapause. This review summarizes the core scientific advancements in research on the regulation of insect diapause in China since the beginning of the 21st century, including: (1) Physiological and ecological mechanisms involved in environmental factors of photoperiod- temperature synergy; (2) Physiological metabolic regulation during diapause induction, maintenance, and termination; (3) Molecular switch mechanisms across different developmental stages (egg/embryonic, larval, pupal, and adult diapause). Prospects for future research are also presented. Deepening mechanistic understanding of diapause regulation will facilitate: (a) The discovery of novel molecular targets for diapause-based pest management; (b) The development of population monitoring models based on diapause characteristics; (c) The optimization of ecological management strategies for major pests, while at the same time, providing a theoretical foundation for the conservation and utilization of beneficial pollinators, predatory and parasitic insects, and other insect resources. This review aims to offer comprehensive references for both theoretical and applied research on insect diapause.