植物与植食性昆虫在长期的协同进化过程中形成了复杂的互作关系。为应对昆虫取食压力，植物逐步演化出多层次抗虫机制；与此同时，植食性昆虫也相应地发展出反防御策略，形成动态的“军备竞赛”式进化格局。广泛分布于环境、植物体内及昆虫组织中的微生物群落，通过“植物-微生物-昆虫”互作模式深刻影响着进化进程。这些微生物不仅参与调控植物的防御反应，还显著影响昆虫的环境适应性，为理解物种间互作关系提供了新的研究视角。番茄潜叶蛾Tuta absoluta原产于南美洲，是一种世界性恶性入侵害虫，对茄科作物生产构成严重威胁。本文概述了番茄潜叶蛾与寄主植物的互作以及农田生态系统中常见微生物影响番茄潜叶蛾害虫种群繁衍、植物生长发育和调控植物对番茄潜叶蛾的防御反应的研究进展，对于进一步理解植物和害虫的互作关系具有重要意义。

Plants and herbivorous insects have developed intricate interaction networks through long-term co-evolutionary processes. To counteract herbivory pressure, plants have evolved multi-layered defense mechanisms, while phytophagous insects have correspondingly developed sophisticated counter-defense strategies, resulting in a dynamic "arms race" evolutionary pattern. Microbial communities ubiquitously distributed in the environment, plant tissues and insect systems, which profoundly influence this co-evolutionary trajectory through tripartite "plant-microbe-insect" interactions. These microbial components not only modulate plant defense responses but also significantly affect the environmental adaptability of insects, providing novel perspectives for understanding interspecies interactions. Tuta absoluta, a devastating invasive pest native to South America, poses severe threats to global Solanaceous crop production. In this article, we review the research progress on interactions between T. absoluta and host Solanaceous plant, and the impact of common microorganisms (e.g., insect symbiotic bacteria, soil microorganisms, and pathogenic microorganisms) in farmland ecosystems on the reproduction of T. absoluta populations, plant growth and development, and the regulation of plant defense responses to the T. absoluta. This review has great significance for advancing the understanding of plant-pest interactions.