环境温度的变化显著影响昆虫与其共生菌的共生关系，而共生菌可通过快速的适应性进化，调控宿主应对温度的胁迫。Wolbachia是昆虫中分布最广泛的内共生菌之一，在宿主的生理、生态及进化中发挥着重要作用。近年来研究发现，Wolbachia感染可影响宿主昆虫的温度偏好行为，协助宿主在微环境中规避不利温度的胁迫。本文综述了温度胁迫对昆虫与Wolbachia共生关系的影响，重点阐述Wolbachia在调控宿主昆虫温度偏好行为中的作用、潜在机制及其生态学意义。该综述有助于深入理解在全球气候变化和极端温度频发背景下，共生菌Wolbachia调控宿主应对温度胁迫的行为策略，并为利用Wolbachia在害虫生物防控中的应用提供理论依据。

Symbiotic relationships between insects and their symbionts are profoundly influenced by fluctuations in ambient temperature. Conversely, symbionts can undergo rapid adaptive evolution to modulate host responses to thermal stress. Wolbachia, one of the most prevalent intracellular symbionts in insects, plays a pivotal role in shaping host physiology, ecology, and evolution. Emerging evidence has shown that infection can modify the thermal preferences of insect hosts, causing them to avoid microhabitats with ambient temperatures deleterious to Wolbachia. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the impact of thermal stress on insect-Wolbachia symbiosis, with a focus on Wolbachia’s role in regulating host thermal preferences, the underlying molecular and behavioral mechanisms underlying this regulation, and its broader ecological consequences. These insights deepen our understanding of rapid, behavioral adaptation in host-symbiont systems during global climate change and increasing temperature extremes, and offer a theoretical foundation for the application of Wolbachia in insect pest management.