外来植物入侵严重威胁生物多样性和农林生态系统的可持续发展。入侵植物的成功定殖和扩张与其对新生境中植食性昆虫的适应性演化密切相关。本文系统综述了入侵植物防御策略的演化格局及其生态效应，重点探讨了化学防御、物理防御和植物挥发物介导防御三个维度的协同进化。在化学防御方面，入侵植物表现出定性防御和定量防御的演化，这种防御策略使入侵植物能够平衡防御成本与生态收益。物理防御特征如叶片增厚、毛状体密度增加等显著增强，并表现出抗逆、抗虫等多效性功能。挥发物介导的防御则重构了多营养级互作网络，影响植食性昆虫行为、植食性昆虫的天敌招募及传粉效率。最后，本文提出未来研究应重点关注防御性状演化的分子调控机制、多营养级互作网络下的协同进化规律、专食性昆虫在生物防治中的应用潜力及全球变化因子影响等四个方向的研究，为发展基于生态互作原理的入侵植物治理策略提供理论依据和技术支持。

Invasive, alien plants pose a serious threat to biodiversity and the sustainable development of agricultural and forestry. The spread of invasive plants is closely related to their evolutionary response to herbivorous insects in novel habitats. This article provides a systematic review of the evolution of the defense strategies of invasive plants and their ecological effects of these, focusing on chemical defense, physical defense, and volatile-mediated defense. In terms of chemical defense, invasive plants exhibit evolutionary shifts in both qualitative and quantitative defenses, enabling them to precisely balance the costs and ecological benefits of defense. Physical defense traits, such as increased leaf thickness and higher trichome density, are significantly enhanced and play multi-functional roles in both stress resistance and insect defense. Volatile-mediated defenses reconstruct multi-trophic interaction networks, influencing the behavior of herbivorous insects, the recruitment of natural enemies, and pollination efficiency. Finally, this paper proposes that future research should prioritize four key areas: The molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying defensive trait evolution, patterns of co-evolution within multi-trophic interaction networks, the potential application of specialist natural enemies in biological control, and the impact of global climate change factors. Further research on these areas will provide a theoretical basis for developing invasion management strategies grounded in ecological interaction principles.