近年来，我国寄生蜂研究在理论与应用层面均取得了跨越式发展。在研究层面，依托分子生物学、基因组学及生物信息学等前沿技术的深度融合，研究范畴已从传统的分类学、生物学与生态学，纵深拓展至系统发育、功能基因解析、寄生行为调控的生理与分子机制等前沿领域，初步揭示了寄生蜂与寄主互作的内在规律。在应用层面，寄生蜂的人工繁育技术与大规模工厂化生产工艺取得显著突破，应用范围持续扩大，田间增效技术与协同控害策略日益完善。研究成果系统提升了寄生蜂的控害潜能，为农业害虫绿色防控体系的构建提供了核心科技支撑。本文概述了近年来我国在寄生蜂理论与应用研究中的主要进展，剖析了该领域存在的主要问题与若干亟待加强的优先发展方向。

There has been remarkable progress in both theoretical and applied parasitoid research in China in recent years. Driven by the integration of cutting-edge technologies, such as molecular biology, genomics, and bioinformatics, the scope of research has moved beyond traditional taxonomy, biology, and ecology to include phylogenetics, functional gene analysis, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating parasitic behavior. These advances have begun to reveal the intrinsic principles governing parasitoid-host interactions. With respect to applied research, significant breakthroughs have been made in the artificial rearing and large-scale, mass production of parasitoids. Their application continues to broaden, supported by increasingly sophisticated field techniques such as ecological regulation and integrated pest management. These developments have systematically improved the pest control potential of parasitoids, providing core scientific and technological support for environmentally friendly pest management systems. This paper reviews recent, major advances in theoretical and applied research on parasitic wasps in China, and identifies outstanding key issues and priority areas for research.