【目的】 摩洛哥戟纹蝗Dociostaurus maroccanus作为重大入侵蝗虫，形态鉴定是其种群预警监测的基础。【方法】 本文研究分析了采自中国（伊宁）与哈萨克斯坦（阿拉木图）的摩洛哥戟纹蝗与新疆同属的相似种红胫戟纹蝗Dociostaurus kraussi和狭条戟纹蝗Dociostaurus brevicollis的形态差异，比较了中国与哈萨克斯坦两个不同区域摩洛哥戟纹蝗种群的形态指标（包括体长、后足股节长和胫节长等）及前翅长度与后足股节长度比值（Ratio between eleytron length and femur length，E/F）的差异，采用Pearson相关性分析方法对摩洛哥戟纹蝗各形态参数进行相关分析。【结果】 在3个近似种中，摩洛哥戟纹蝗体型最大，其后足股节内侧呈淡粉色，而红胫戟纹蝗和狭条戟纹蝗较小，其后足股节内侧为黄褐色或土黄色，摩洛哥戟纹蝗和狭条戟纹蝗后足股节外侧上隆线和下隆线无黑点，而红胫戟纹蝗股节外侧上隆线和下隆线具黑点，这些特征可以作为野外鉴别3种蝗虫的典型特征。相关性分析显示，摩洛哥戟纹蝗雌性、雄性成虫体长分别与前翅长度、后翅长度、后足股节长度、胫节长度等表现出极显著正相关（P < 0.001），表明飞行与跳跃器官之间存在显著的协同。伊宁种群体长、后翅面积、前翅长度、股节长度和胫节长度较阿拉木图种群分别高11.63%、19.42%、15.83%、10.53%和10.16%，并且伊宁种群E/F值亦显著高于阿拉木图种群（P < 0.001）。【结论】 摩洛哥戟纹蝗与红胫戟纹蝗和狭条戟纹蝗具有明显的鉴别特征，可用于野外种类鉴定；伊宁种群与阿拉木图种群有明显的形态差异分化。本研究为入侵种摩洛哥戟纹蝗的精确监测提供科学参考，为理解其跨境迁飞路径提供了形态学依据。

 [Aim]  To develop a method for the accurate morphological identification of Dociostaurus maroccanus, a significant, invasive species of locust, and thereby improve the accuracy of population monitoring and early warnings of outbreaks of this pest. [Methods]  Morphological differences between D. maroccanus and two congeneric species, D. kraussi and D. brevicollis were assessed. Furthermore, morphological traits of D. maroccanus, including body length, posterior femur length, and hind tibia length, as well as the E/F ratio, were compared between specimens from China and Kazakhstan. Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine relationships among various morphological parameters of the D. maroccanus. [Results]  D. maroccanus is the largest species in the genus, and the inner side of its hind femur has a light pink coloration. In contrast, D. kraussi and D. brevicollis are smaller, and the inner surface of the hind femur of these species is yellowish-brown or earth-yellow. Both D. maroccanus and D. brevicollis lack black spots on the upper and lower carinae of the outer side of the hind femur, whereas D. kraussi possesses distinct black spots on these carinae. These characteristics are key morphological features for distinguishing between these three locust species in the field. There was a highly significant positive correlation between the body length of female and male adults of D. maroccanus and forewing length, hindwing length, posterior femur length, and tibia length, indicating a high degree of morphological correlation between morphological features involved in flight and jumping(P < 0.001). Compared to the Kazakhstan population, the Chinese population of D. maroccanus had significantly larger morphological metrics, with the hindwing area, forewing length, body length, posterior femur length, and tibia length of specimens from China being 19.42%, 15.83%, 11.63%, 10.53%, and 10.16%, larger, respectively, than those of specimens from Kazakhstan. In addition, the E/F ratio of Chinese specimens was significantly higher than that of specimens from Kazakhstan(P < 0.001). [Conclusion]  These findings provide a scientific basis for the accurate identification of D. maroccanus, and improve understanding of the cross-border migration patterns of this species.