香梨优斑螟幼虫人工饲料的筛选与优化
Screening and optimization of artificial diets for Euzophera pyriella larvae
何晓灵1** 张大为1, 2 郭 欢1, 3 王浩宇1, 3 陆宴辉1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2025.147
作者单位：1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室，北京 100193；2. 甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所， 兰州 730070；3. 甘肃农业大学植物保护学院，兰州 730070
中文关键词： 香梨优斑螟；人工饲料；种群生命表；幼虫存活率
英文关键词： Euzophera pyriella; artificial diets; life table of population; larval survival rate
中文摘要：
【目的】 发生分布持续扩散的香梨优斑螟Euzophera pyriella对我国西北地区林果业生产构成了重要威胁。筛选与优化香梨优斑螟幼虫人工饲料配方，为其生物学生态学及防控研究奠定基础。【方法】
遴选了3种人工饲料配方，比较分析不同饲料饲喂香梨优斑螟幼虫生长发育、成虫存活繁殖、种群生命表参数以及饲料成本。【结果】
取食上述3种人工饲料，香梨优斑螟幼虫均能完成世代发育。与已报道的人工饲料A和B相比，自研人工饲料C饲喂幼虫发育速率及存活率、蛹重及后代卵孵化率显著提高（P<0.05），其中幼虫存活率由75.00%和60.00%提升至91.67%；人工饲料C上种群净增殖率（R0）、内禀增长率（r）和周限增长率（λ）同样显著增加（P<0.05），其中内禀增长率（r）由0.057、0.059提升至0.079。经估算，用人工饲料C饲养获得1头香梨优斑螟成虫的饲料成本为0.10元，较人工饲料A和B分别降低了37.50%和60.00%。【结论】
综合饲养效果及成本，自研人工饲料C更适宜香梨优斑螟室内种群继代饲养。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To compare the larval survival and development, adult longevity
and reproduction, population life table parameters, of Euzophera pyriella larvae
reared on three different artificial diets, and the relative cost effectiveness
of each diet. [Methods] E.
pyriella larvae were randomly assigned to one of three potential
artificial diet treatment groups after which the survival, development, adult
longevity, reproduction and life table parameters of each group were compared.
These data were then used to assess the cost effectiveness of rearing larvae on
each diet. [Results] Larvae were
able to complete their life cycle on all three artificial diets. Compared to
the previously developed A and B diets, the newly developed diet C
significantly improved the larval development rate, survival rate, pupal weight
and egg hatching rate (P<0.05). Larval
survival increased from 75.00% and 60.00% on diets A and B, to 91.67% on diet
C. Furthermore, the population parameters of E. pyriella raised on
diet C, including the net reproductive rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of
increase (r), and the finite rate of increase (λ), were also
significantly higher (P<0.05). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) increased from
0.057 and 0.059 on diets A and B, to 0.079 on diet C. The estimated cost of
successfully rearing one pupa on diet C was 0.10 CNY, representing a saving of
37.50% and 60.00% relative to diets A and B, respectively. [Conclusion] Based on rearing efficiency and cost,
artificial diet C is superior to diets A and B for the multi-generational
rearing of E. pyriella under laboratory conditions.