【目的】 明确石羊河流域中上游天然草地蝗虫的物种多样性与分布特点。【方法】 于2023-2024年6-8月，采用网捕法调查了石羊河流域中上游不同类型草地上的蝗虫种类。【结果】 本次调查共捕获蝗虫7 216头，隶属7科22属43种，包括甘肃省一新纪录种——瘤背束颈蝗Sphingonotus salinus。斑翅蝗科种类最多（7属15种），其次为网翅蝗科（4属12种）、癞蝗科（3属6种）、斑腿蝗科（2属4种）、槌角蝗科（3属3种）、剑角蝗科（2属2种），蚱科最少，仅1属1种。斑翅蝗科和网翅蝗科构成石羊河流域中上游蝗虫物种多样性的主体，占总物种数的62.8%。温性草原上蝗虫的种类最多（4科12属22种），占总物种数的51.2%，其次为温性草原化荒漠（6科13属20种），占总物种数的46.5%；高寒草甸（3科6属12种）最少，占总物种数的27.9%。除温性荒漠外，白纹雏蝗Chorthippus albonemus和褐色雏蝗Chorthippus brunneus广泛分布于7个类型草地上，不同类型草地上的蝗虫优势种类各不相同。温性草原化荒漠与温性荒漠化草原的蝗虫群落相似性系数最高，为0.73。蝗虫群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Margalef丰富度指数均以温性荒漠化草原最高，Pielou均匀性指数高寒草甸最高。【结论】 巨大的海拔落差以及复杂的山地地形对水热条件的分配差异，塑造了石羊河流域中上游草地植被的垂直分布格局以及草地植被群落结构的异质性，进而形成了蝗虫物种的多样性。

 [Aim]  To clarify the species diversity and distribution of grasshoppers in natural grasslands in the upper and middle reaches of the Shiyang River Basin. [Methods]  Grasshoppers on different types of grasslands were captured using nets in the upper and middle reaches of the Shiyang River Basin from June to August 2023-2024. [Results]  A total of 7 216 grasshoppers, belonging to 7 families, 22 genera, and 43 species were captured, including Sphingonotus salinus, a new record for Gansu Province. Oedipodiae was the dominant family (7 genera and 15 species), followed by Arcypteridae (4 genera and 12 species), Pamphagidae (3 genera and 6 species), Catantopidae (2 genera and 4 species), Gomphoceridae (3 genera and 3 species), Acrididae (2 genera and 2 species), and Tetrigidae with just 1 genus and 1 species. Most species were of  Oedipodidae and Arcypteridae, which accounted for 62.8% of the total. The number of species was highest on temperate steppe (4 families, 12 genera and 22 species), accounting for 51.2% of all species, followed by the temperate steppe desert (6 families, 13 genera, and 20 species), accounting for 46.5% of all species. The least number of species was captured on alpine meadows; only 3 families, 6 genera and 12 species, accounting for 27.9% of the total. Except for temperate desert, Chorthippus albonemus and Chorthippus brunneus were widely distributed on all seven types of grasslands, but the dominant species differed with habitat. The highest similarity coefficient, 0.73, was found between the grasshoppers communities of temperate desert steppe and temperate grassland desert. Temperate desert steppe had the highest Shannon Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Margalef richness index, but alpine meadow had the highest Pielou evenness index. [Conclusion]  The huge differences in altitude, temperature and availability of water in the complex mountain terrain of this grassland region, combined with the heterogeneity of the grassland vegetation community, contribute to the diversity of grasshoppers in the upper and middle reaches of Shiyang River Basin.