【目的】 为了提高蜜柑大实蝇Bactrocera tsuneonis和柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax的监测与防控效果，建立一种在田间肉眼快速识别两种大实蝇的方法。【方法】 通过用手机微距拍照和肉眼观察比较两种大实蝇的形态特征，确定可用于田间快速识别的差异性特征。【结果】 雄虫的田间快速识别可以通过肉眼观察第4和第5腹节背板的横斑颜色（横斑颜色为黑色的是蜜柑大实蝇，横斑颜色为淡棕色的为柑橘大实蝇）及第4腹节背板中部侧面是否凹陷（不凹陷的为蜜柑大实蝇，凹陷的为柑橘大实蝇）这两个特征，准确率分别为94.59%和100.00%；雌虫的快速识别可以通过肉眼比较产卵器粗大部分（基节基部）与狭小部分（基节端部+翻转膜）的长短，前者长于后者的是蜜柑大实蝇，反之为柑橘大实蝇，该方法的识别准确率为96.77%。另外，通过微距拍照还观察到，蜜柑大实蝇雌雄虫的前、中足基节上有黑色刚毛，而柑橘大实蝇没有。【结论】 在蜜柑大实蝇和柑橘大实蝇的田间鉴别中，可以直接用肉眼观察第4和第5腹节的横斑颜色及第4腹节背板中部侧面有无凹陷识别雄虫；通过肉眼比较产卵器的基节基部与基节端部+翻转膜长度进行初步识别，辅以用手机微距拍照观察产卵针末端形状，快速识别雌虫。

[Aim]  To develop a method for the rapid visual identification of two citrus fruit fly species, Bactrocera tsuneonis and Bactrocera minax, under field conditions. [Methods] ‌ Morphological features of both species were examined using visual checks and smartphone photos to identify differences specific to each species. [Results] ‌ Males could be distinguished by two tergal features: (1) Transverse band coloration on abdominal segments 4-5 (black in B. tsuneonis vs. light brown in B. minax), and (2) The presence or absence of paired lateral depressions on segment 4 (absent in B. tsuneonis, present in B. minax). These two criteria achieved identification accuracies of 94.59% and 100.00%, respectively. Furthermore, morphological examination using a smartphone-mounted macro lens revealed distinct differences in the coaxial setation between the two species. B. tsuneonis has dense clusters of dark setae on both fore and mid-leg coxae, whereas these structures were conspicuously absent in B. minax. Females were distinguished by comparing the basal thickened oviscape segment with the distal slender portion incorporating the eversible membrane. In B. tsuneonis the basal portion is longer than the distal part, whereas in B. minax the reverse is true. This criterion distinguished females of these species with 96.77% accuracy.  [Conclusion]  The morphological criteria identified in this study can rapidly, and reliably, identify B. tsuneonis and B. minax in the field. Males of these species can be distinguished by first observing the coloration patterns of the transverse bands on the fourth and fifth abdominal segments, followed by verifying the presence or absence of lateral depressions on the fourth abdominal segment. Distinguishing females of these species requires two steps; comparing the relative lengths of the basal portion of the oviscape to the combined length of the distal oviscape and eversible membrane, followed by microscopic examination of ovipositor apex morphology using smartphone macro photography.