四种杀螨剂及其与增效剂混配对苹果全爪螨的室内毒力和田间药效
Toxicity and effectiveness of four acaricides both with, and without, synergists for the control of Panonychus ulmi in the field
胡玉龙1, 2** 杨文轩1 李海强2*** 路 伟1, 3***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.016
作者单位：1. 新疆农业大学农学院，棉花教育部工程研究中心，自治区农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052； 2. 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所，农业部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室， 新疆农业生物安全重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830091；3. 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心，昌吉 831100
中文关键词： 苹果全爪螨；乙唑螨腈；青皮桔油；农用有机硅
英文关键词： Panonychus ulmi; cyetpyrafen; citrus reticulatae pericarpium viride oil GPOO; polymeric emulsifiable silicones PEMSs
中文摘要：
【目的】 苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi是为害苹果树的主要害螨之一，大发生年份给苹果树的生长发育及产量造成严重影响。目前化学药剂仍然是防治苹果全爪螨的主要手段，因此为筛选出苹果全爪螨最佳防治药剂和最适助剂、减少农药使用量，本文以阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈作为供试药剂，青皮桔油、农用有机硅助剂为增效剂进行试验。【方法】 采用琼脂浸叶法对苹果全爪螨进行室内毒力测定，并用茎叶喷雾法进行田间药效试验。【结果】 室内毒力测定24 h后，阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈对苹果全爪螨LC50值分别为2.711、16.031、4.534和1.768 mg/L。阿维菌素、哒螨灵、联苯肼酯、乙唑螨腈各减量30%后分别与青皮桔油、农用有机硅助剂混配，24 h后2种增效剂均有明显的增效作用。田间试验阿维菌素1.35-2.70 g
a.i./hm2剂量下药后1 d，防效为67.35%-82.31%。乙唑螨腈在2.70 g a.i./hm2剂量下药后3和7 d，防效均在90%以上。30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂1.42 g a.i./hm2+青皮桔油和30%乙唑螨腈悬浮剂1.42 g a.i./hm2+农用有机药后1，3和7 d防效均优于其它处理组。【结论】 阿维菌素和乙唑螨腈均可有效防治苹果全爪螨，可配合增效剂交替使用减少农药施用量，为新疆苹果园叶螨绿色防控提供科学依据。
英文摘要：
[Aim] To identify the best acaricide treatment, and
reduce the amount of pesticides used, to control the apple spider-mite, Panonychus
ulmi. [Methods] The toxicity of abamectin, pyridaben,
bifenazate and etoxazole, with, and without, the addition of the synergists
green tangerine oil and agricultural organosilicon, was determined using the
leaf dipping method. The effectiveness of each treatment in the field was
assessed using the stem leaf spray method. [Results] The LC50 values (24 h) of
abamectin, pyridaben, bifenazate and cyetpyrafen, were 2.711, 16.031, 4.534 and
1.768 mg/L, under laboratory conditions after 24 h. Blending 30% dilutions of
the above pesticides with either green tangerine oil or agricultural
organosilicon had obvious synergistic effects after 24 h. In the field, a dose
of 1.35-2.70 g a.i./hm2, abamectin was 67.35% to 82.31% effective
one day after application. A dose of 2.70 g a.i./hm2 cyetpyrafen
achieved > 90% control after 3 and 7 d. 1, 3 and 7 d after administration, a
mixture of 30% cyetpyrafen suspension 1.42 g a.i./hm2 + GPOO and 30%
cyetpyrafen suspension 1.42 g a.i./hm2 + PEMSs, was the most
effective treatment. [Conclusion] Both abamectin and cyetpyrafen can prevent and
control Panonychus ulmi, and can be used alternately to reduce the
amount of pesticide applied. These results provide a scientific basis for the
prevention and control of apple spider-mites in orchards in Xinjiang.