【目的】 本研究旨在评估茶园垂直分层及季节与时间变化对天敌捕食压力的影响，进而揭示茶园生态系统中生物防治功能的动态特征与调控机制。【方法】 于2021年1月至2022年6月期间，采用人工猎物法系统监测茶园不同垂直分层（冠层、中层、地表）中的天敌捕食事件，分析捕食压力的空间差异及其季节和时序变化规律。【结果】 试验期间累计放置人工猎物40 608个，记录到有效捕食事件2 362次。节肢动物、鸟类和哺乳动物的捕食事件占比分别为96.02%、2.92%和1.06%。在垂直分层中，茶园地表的总捕食率及节肢动物捕食率均显著高于茶树冠层（P < 0.001）与中层（P < 0.001），茶树冠层的捕食率也显著高于茶树中层（P < 0.001）。鸟类的捕食率则在茶树冠层达到最高。季节动态分析表明，总捕食者与节肢动物的捕食率在夏、秋季显著高于春（P < 0.05）、冬季（P < 0.01），在春季显著高于冬季（P < 0.05）；同时，节肢动物的捕食率在秋季还高于夏季（P < 0.05）；鸟类在冬季的捕食活动最为活跃。时序变化上，总捕食率与节肢动物捕食率在2021年1月至2022年2月期间呈先升后降趋势，于2021年9月达到峰值，2022年2月降至低谷，随后在2022年5月略有回升。2021年1月至2022年1月期间，茶园地表层的捕食率持续显著高于茶树冠层（P < 0.001）与中层（P < 0.001）。【结论】 茶园天敌的捕食压力具有显著的时空异质性，垂直分层、季节及时间变化均是其重要影响因子。本研究为茶园保护性生物防治策略的优化与生态茶园管理提供了理论支撑。

 [Aim]  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vertical stratification, seasonal variations, and temporal dynamics on predation pressure exerted by natural enemies in a tea plantation, and to elucidate the real-time dynamics and regulatory mechanisms of biological control functions within the tea agro-ecosystem. [Methods]  From January 2021 to June 2022, artificial prey were systematically employed to monitor predation events by natural enemies across three vertical stratification (canopy, midstory, and ground) in a tea plantation. Spatial, seasonal, and temporal patterns of predation pressure were analyzed. [Results]  A total of 40 608 artificial prey were deployed, among which 2 362 valid predation events were recorded. Arthropods, birds, and mammals accounted for 96.02%, 2.92%, and 1.06% of all predation events, respectively. Regarding vertical stratification, both total predation rate and arthropod predation rate were significantly higher on the ground level than in the tea canopy (P < 0.001) and midstory (P < 0.001). Predation rate in the tea canopy was also significantly higher than in the midstory (P < 0.001). Birds exhibited the highest predation rate in the tea canopy. Seasonal dynamics showed that total and arthropod predation rates were significantly higher in summer and autumn than in spring (P < 0.05) and winter (P < 0.01), with arthropod predation rate was higher in autumn than in summer. Bird predation rate was most active in winter than in other seasons. Temporally, total and arthropod predation rates increased initially and then declined between January 2021 and February 2022, peaking in September 2021 and dropping to the lowest level in February 2022, followed by a slight recovery in May 2022. Throughout the period from January 2021 to January 2022, predation rates on the ground remained consistently and significantly higher than those in the canopy (P < 0.001) and midstory (P < 0.001). [Conclusion]  Predation pressure by natural enemies in a tea plantation displays pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity, driven mainly by vertical stratification, season, and time. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for refining conservation biological control strategies and promoting ecologically oriented management practices in tea plantations.