【目的】 为明确间作白三叶Trifolium repens、黑麦草Lolium perenne对苹果园害虫、天敌群落多样性的影响，优化苹果园生态系统。【方法】 于2023年4-10月采用马氏网对甘肃静宁县3种种植模式下天敌及害虫进行诱集鉴定，并开展生物群落多样性分析及聚类分析。【结果】 苹果园间作白三叶、黑麦草害虫上升期较清耕果园推迟15 d，害虫种类较清耕分别减少了16科12种和6科8种，发生总量分别较清耕下降7.69% 和增加29.98%，苹果园内绣线菊蚜 Aphis citricola由优势种降为常见种；天敌种类分别较清耕果园增加1目3科3种和2目4科4种，种群数量分别较清耕增加113.94%和205.82%，益害比峰值达1.63和1.08，显著高于清耕（P < 0.05）；苹果园间作白三叶、黑麦草Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数显著高于清耕果园（P < 0.05），Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数极显著高于清耕果园（P < 0.001）。聚类分析表明，间作白三叶、黑麦草改变了苹果园害虫及天敌群落的结构和组成。【结论】 间作白三叶、黑麦草可有效降低苹果园优势害虫蚜虫的发生量，显著提高天敌种类、种群数量及益害比，生物多样性更高，物种稳定性更强，但间作黑麦草可能引起其它害虫种群数量的上升。

 [Aim]  To clarify the effects of intercropping green manure on the diversity of pests and their natural enemies in apple orchards, and optimize the apple orchard ecosystem. [Methods]  Two green manure crops, clover and ryegrass were intercropped with apple trees in Jingning County, Gansu Province. Orchard pests and their natural enemies were captured in Malaise nets from April to October 2023 to assess and compare community diversity of these orchards with that of a control, clean tillage orchard. [Results]  The period during which pest numbers increased occurred 15 days later in intercropped orchards than the control orchard. Pest diversity was also lower in intercropped orchards, by 16 fewer families and 12 species, and 6 fewer families 8 species, respectively. Overall aphid abundance was 7.69% lower, but could be as much as 29.98% lower than the control. Although they remained common, Aphis citricola were no longer the dominant species in intercropped orchards. Intercropping increased natural enemy diversity by 4 species, 4 families, 2 orders, and by 3 species 3 families 1 orders, respectively, and the overall abundance of natural enemies increased by 113.94% and 205.82%, compared to the control. Peak benefit-harm ratio values were 1.63 and 1.08, respectively, significantly higher than those of the control orchard (P < 0.05). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Margalef richness index of intercropped orchards were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05), and the Simpson diversity index and Pielou uniformity index were also significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.001). Cluster analysis indicates that intercropping changed the structure and composition of the pest and natural enemy communities in apple orchards. [Conclusion]  Intercropping clover and ryegrass can effectively reduce the incidence of pests in apple orchards, significantly increase the number of natural enemy species and the benefit-harm ratio, resulting in higher biodiversity and stronger species stability. Intercropping with ryegrass may, however, cause other pest populations to increase.