【目的】 明确黑龙江省大庆市和齐齐哈尔市周边牧场蝇虫的发生情况、蝇虫的生态习性及其在牧场中的分布。【方法】 采用扫网法对10个牧场的蝇类进行了采集，并结合形态学和分子生物学技术对其种类和数量进行了鉴定与统计，通过在牧场不同区域放置诱蝇笼观察蝇类的选择偏好，并在夜间设置有光与无光诱蝇笼对牧场蝇类生态习性进行调查。【结果】 共采集蝇类3 875头，结合形态学和分子生物学两种方式共鉴定出4种主要蝇类：红头丽蝇Calliphora vicina、黑尾黑麻蝇Helicophagella melanura、家蝇Musca domestica和绿翠蝇Neomyia cornicina，2024年7-9月的连续监测显示，不同牧场蝇虫数量差异显著（P < 0.01），其中鑫海奶牛养殖专业合作社蝇虫总数最高，三合畜牧业养殖有限公司最低，造成蝇虫数量差异的原因主要包括粪便管理、饲料残留及环境温湿度。生态习性分析结果表明，家蝇、红头丽蝇、绿翠蝇均在白天活动频繁，家蝇、红头丽蝇和绿翠蝇表现出明显的趋光性，黑尾黑麻蝇的活动受光源影响较小未表现出趋光性。黑尾黑麻蝇偏好发酵植物残体；红头丽蝇和绿翠蝇体现出对高蛋白食物的趋向性，家蝇则表现出行为广泛的食物适应性。【结论】 本研究明确了黑龙江大庆、齐齐哈尔10个奶牛牧场4种主要蝇类，阐明其数量影响因素与生态习性，为牧场蝇虫精准防控提供了科学依据。

 [Aim]  To clarify the occurrence, ecological habits, and distribution of muscid flies in pastures around Daqing and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang Province. [Methods]  We used sweep netting to collect flies from ten pastures. Both morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify species. Fly habitat preferences were assessed by placing traps in different pasture areas, and light traps were used to assess nocturnal fly activity. [Results]  A total of 3 875 flies were caught, and a total of four major fly species identified: Calliphora vicina, Helicophagella melanura, Musca domestica, and Neomyia cornicina. Monitoring from July to September 2024 revealed significant differences in fly numbers among pastures, with most found at the Xinhai Dairy Cattle Breeding Cooperative and the least at the Sanhe Livestock Breeding Co. Ltd. Factors such as manure management, feed residues, and environmental temperature and humidity, probably caused these differences in fly abundance. Ecological analysis showed M. domestica, C. vicina, and N. cornicina were active and phototactic during the day, whereas H. melanura was less light sensitive. H. melanura preferred fermenting plant residues, whereas C. vicina and N. cornicina favored high protein foods. M. domestica had broad food adaptability. [Conclusion]  In this study, four main flies in 10 dairy farms in Daqing and Qiqihar of Heilongjiang Province were identified, and their quantitative influencing factors and ecological habits were clarified, which provided scientific basis for precise prevention and control of flies in dairy farms.