【目的】 探究西瓜Citrullus lanatus ClE2F/DP基因家族对瓜蚜Aphis gossypii的抗蚜作用。【方法】 使用MEGA7、TBtools、MEME等对西瓜ClE2F/DP家族进行全基因组鉴定和生物信息学分析，并利用qRT-PCR分析了瓜蚜取食前后西瓜ClE2F/DP基因的相对表达量。【结果】 共鉴定西瓜基因组中有6个ClE2F/DP成员，其中ClE2FA、ClE2FC为第一类不稳定亲水酸性蛋白，ClDP为第二类二聚蛋白，ClE2FE1为第三类不稳定亲水碱性蛋白，而且结合结构以及已有文献报道推测二聚蛋白ClDP及不稳定亲水碱性蛋白ClE2FEC、ClE2FE1可能参与植物抗病虫害过程。ClE2FA在蚜虫取食24 h后基因表达量上调2.5倍，ClE2FE1在蚜虫取食48 h后基因表达量先上调2.1倍，随后在取食72 h后表达量下调1.7倍；ClE2FC、ClDP在蚜虫取食24 h后显著下调超过2倍（P < 0.001），说明西瓜ClE2F/DP基因响应瓜蚜取食。【结论】 西瓜ClE2F/DP基因家族在响应蚜虫取食时存在显著的异质性。

 [Aim]  To investigate the role of the ClE2F/DP gene family in protecting watermelon plants (Citrullus lanatus) from melon aphid (Aphis gossypii) infestation. [Methods]  The ClE2F/DP family in watermelon plants was identified and analyzed using bioinformatic tools, including MEGA7, TBtools, and MEME. The relative expression levels of ClE2F/DP genes were analyzed in watermelon leaves that were, or were not, infested with melon aphids, using qRT-PCR. [Results] There are a total of six members of the ClE2F/DP family in the watermelon genome. ClE2FA and ClE2FC are classified as unstable hydrophilic acidic proteins, ClDP is a dimeric protein, and ClE2FE1 is an unstable hydrophilic basic protein. Based on their structural characteristics and information in the literature, it is possible that ClDP, ClE2FC, and ClE2FE1 may be involved in resistance to aphid infestation. The relative expression of ClE2FA underwent a significant 2.5-fold increase 24 h after aphid infestation. Relative expression of ClE2FE1 increased 2.1-fold 48 h after aphid infestation, then decreased by 1.7-fold after 72 h. The relative expression of ClE2FC and ClDP both significantly decreased by over 2.0-fold 24 h after aphid infestation (P < 0.001). These results indicate that watermelon ClE2F/DP genes may be involved in the response to aphid infestation. [Conclusion]  There are clear differences in the expression of ClE2F/DP genes in response to aphid infestation.