目的】 异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis对不同体色个体有交配偏好，并能识别死亡瓢虫，雄虫对体表物质的识别影响交配过程。本研究旨在明确不同体色以及死亡前后异色瓢虫体表物质对交配前识别过程的影响；探究体表主要物质的组成以及不同性别、体色、死亡和活体异色瓢虫体表物质的差异。【方法】 首先验证雄性异色瓢虫对不同交配对象的选择偏好；利用行为分析软件和仿真瓢虫，分析异色瓢虫对不同交配对象的行为模式差异；通过洗脱分析法，对多种不同体色的异色瓢虫雌虫及死亡和活体的异色瓢虫鞘翅进行有机溶剂洗脱和GC-MS检测，对物质进行定性检测，并定量分析不同体色、活体及死亡个体之间的物质差异。【结果】  雄性异色瓢虫对黑底雌虫交配对象具有偏好；正己烷洗脱后的鞘翅对雄虫吸引能力显著降低（P < 0.01）；在交配过程中雄虫可以识别死亡个体；物质分析证实9-十九烯（9-Nonadecene）和1,15-十五烷二醇（1,15-Pentadecanediol）两种碳氢化合物在不同鞘翅底色、性别之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05），异色瓢虫死亡1周后有鞘翅表面4种物质被检测到含量变化，但未能成功鉴定。【结论】 雌性异色瓢虫鞘翅表面的物质对于雄虫的交配识别产生影响，不同色型的雌虫对雄虫吸引能力不同，死亡瓢虫被有效识别可能和其体表物质差异有关。对异色瓢虫体表物质的系统性研究能加深对其交配过程的理解，并有潜力应用于异色瓢虫的人工繁育调控过程中。

 [Aim]  To examine how different female colorations, along with surface substances on the cuticle of the ladybird Harmonia axyridis, before and after death, affect male mating preferences. [Methods]  A preliminary analysis of the composition of the main cuticle surface substances of males and females, and live and dead, H. axyridis was conducted. Behavioral analysis software and simulated ladybirds were then used to investigate differences in behavior towards various potential mates. Solvent extraction and GC-MS analysis were carried out on elytra from several different colorations of live and dead female H. axyridis, to qualitatively identify surface substances, and quantitatively analyze the differences between different colored, and between live and dead, individuals. [Results]  Male H. axyridis exhibit a mating preference for females with black elytra; however, the attractiveness of elytra washed with hexane to males was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Males were able to identify dead individuals during the mating process. Chemical analysis confirmed significant differences (P < 0.05) in two hydrocarbons—9-nonadecene and 1,15-pentadecanediol—between sexes and across elytra with different background colors. One week after the death of H. axyridis, significant quantitative changes were detected in four surface substances on the elytra, but these compounds could not be successfully identified. [Conclusion]  The surface substances of female H. axyridis elytra influence male mating preferences, with different colored females varying in their level of attractiveness towards males. Recognition of dead females may also be linked to differences in elytra compounds. Systematic research on the surface substances of ladybirds both improves our understanding of their mating processes and the artificial breeding of these useful biological control agents.