【目的】 麦蛾柔茧蜂Habrobracon hebetor是一种隶属于茧蜂科Braconidae的寄生性昆虫，其所分泌的丝纤维为天然蛋白材料，相关形态结构与理化性能尚缺乏系统性研究。为探究麦蛾柔茧蜂茧丝纤维的结构与性能，挖掘昆虫丝资源，本文采用多种表征手段，对其外观形态、二级结构、丝蛋白化学组成、吸湿性能与热学特性进行分析。【方法】 采用扫描电子显微镜结合能谱分析观察茧丝的表面形貌与元素组成；利用傅立叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射解析茧丝蛋白二级结构；通过氨基酸组分分析丝蛋白的特点；回潮率试验评估茧丝的吸湿能力；采用热重分析研究茧丝的热分解行为与热稳定性。【结果】 扫描电镜结果显示茧丝纤维为细长均匀的单丝结构，平均直径为（1.39±0.22）μm；能谱分析显示其主要元素为碳（66.95%）、氮（18.44%）和氧（12.59%），呈现典型的蛋白质特征。根据氨基酸组成分析，茧丝蛋白主要含丝氨酸（33.3%）、甘氨酸（24.2%）和天冬氨酸/天冬酰胺（16.7%）；测定茧丝的回潮率为10.45%±0.26%，显著高于蚕丝（P＜0.01）；红外光谱与X射线衍射结果表明蛋白二级结构以β-折叠和β-转角为主。热重分析表明其热分解温度为（317.13±1.29）℃，略低于家蚕丝。【结论】 麦蛾柔茧蜂茧丝具有精细的微观结构、富含β-折叠结构和β-转角的蛋白二级结构、优异的吸湿能力和较好的热稳定性，在天然丝纤维材料的多功能化和绿色可持续开发方面展现出潜在的应用前景，为寄生蜂类昆虫丝资源的挖掘与利用提供了理论依据。

 [Aim]  To investigate the structure and properties of cocoon silk fibers from Habrobracon hebetor, and investigate their potential as a silk resource. [Methods]  Multiple characterization techniques were used to analyze their morphology, secondary structure, silk protein composition, moisture absorption properties, and thermal properties, of H. hebetor silk. Scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, were used to observe the surface morphology and elemental composition of the silk. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were employed to analyze the secondary structure of its proteins and its amino acid composition was determined to reveal characteristic features of its proteins. The capacity of the silk to regain moisture was measured to evaluate its hygroscopic properties. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis was used to assess its thermal decomposition behavior and thermal stability. [Results]  Scanning electron microscopy revealed that H. hebetor silk fibers are slender and uniform monofilaments with an average diameter of (1.39 ± 0.22) μm. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis indicates that its main elements are carbon (66.95%), nitrogen (18.44%) and oxygen (12.59%), which is typical of a protein. Amino acid analysis showed that the silk protein is mainly composed of serine (33.3%), glycine (24.2%), and aspartic acid/asparagine (16.7%). The capacity of H. hebetor silk to regain moisture was 10.45% ± 0.26%, which is significantly higher than that of Bombyx mori silk (P＜0.01). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the secondary protein structures are predominantly β-sheets and β-turns. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that H. hebetor silk has a thermal decomposition temperature of (317.13 ± 1.29) ℃, which is slightly lower than that of B. mori silk. [Conclusion]  The cocoon silk of exhibits a fine and uniform microstructure, a secondary structure rich in β-sheets and β-turns, excellent hygroscopic properties and favorable thermal stability. These findings suggest that it has the potential to be used in multifunctional natural silk-based materials. These findings provide theoretical support for the investigation and utilization of the silk produced by parasitoid wasps.