【目的】 性信息素作为一种对昆虫特异、高效且专一性强的诱控技术在国内外害虫的监测与防治中得到了广泛应用。本文以草原毛虫Gynaephora qinghaiensis为主要研究对象，对其雌蛾性腺有效活性化合物进行提取分析与组分鉴定，为此虫绿色防控技术提供科学依据。【方法】 采用溶剂浸提法，选用正己烷、二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙酸乙酯4种有机溶剂分别获得草原毛虫未交配雌蛾性腺浸提物；其浸提物利用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）检测和总离子图（TIC）对比，分析其中的化合物组分，并利用Y-型嗅觉仪明确未交配雄蛾对雌蛾性腺活性组分的行为反应。【结果】 Y-型嗅觉选择试验结果发现雄蛾对4种雌蛾性腺有机溶剂粗提物均具有正趋向行为反应（P<0.01），其中利用乙酸乙酯有机溶剂提取的粗提物对雄蛾的引诱效果最好，平均诱集数量为（8.40±0.55）头；利用GC-MS分析草原毛虫雌蛾性腺挥发物共得到55种化合物，其中5种特异成分即棕榈酸甲酯、棕榈酸、9,12,15-十八碳三烯醛、(Z)-9-十八烯酸甲酯、硬脂酸在色谱柱中的保留时间依次为11.36、11.85、13.07、13.50和14.79 min。上述5种组分单独使用对其雄蛾均具有吸引作用，其中以棕榈酸和9,12,15-十八碳三烯醛的诱集效果最好，平均诱蛾数量为（8.00±0.71）和（6.40±1.14）头；二元混合物的引诱活性以棕榈酸甲酯和9,12,15-十八碳三烯醛以1∶1比例混合后的诱集效果最好，平均诱蛾数量为（5.60±0.55）头。【结论】 本研究初步完成了草原毛虫雌蛾性腺化合物的成分鉴定，并确定9,12,15-十八碳三烯醛单独或联合使用对草原毛虫雄虫均具有强烈的引诱作用，研究成果对开发草原毛虫性诱剂具有重要意义。

 [Aim]  Sex pheromones, as a trapping technology, is specific, efficient, and highly specialized for insects, and have been widely used in pest monitoring and management at home and abroad. In this paper, we focused on the Gynaephora qinghaiensis, and the effective active components from sex pheromone glands of virgin female moths of G. qinghaiensis was extracted and componential analysis, so as to provide scientific basis for green control of this pest insect. [Methods]  The volatiles released by female moths from sex pheromone glands were collected by solvent extraction. The extracts were obtained using four organic cosolvents, namely hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and ethyl acetate, respectively. The main components of extracts were separated and identified by using a gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with comparative analysis for the total ion chromatograph (TIC). And the behavioral responses of virgin male moths to bioactive components from sex pheromone glands of virgin female moths of G. qinghaiensis were tested using Y-tube olfactometer. [Results]  The Y-tube olfactometer behavior selection experiments verified that crude extract using four different organic solvent about sex pheromone glands of virgin female moths were all attractive to the males (P<0.01). The attraction effect showed that the crude extraction of ethyl acetate attracted the greatest number of males, with the average number of (8.40±0.55) male moths. There were totally 55 compounds in the pheromone-gland extract of female G. qinghaiensis identified through GC-MS. Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, n-hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienal, (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester and octadecanoic acid, as the special components in the sexual gland extracts of single virgin female moths, were with a retention time of 11.36, 11.85, 13.07, 13.50 and 14.79 min, respectively. It was found that sole utilizing of above five compounds all had attractive effects for male moths, with the greatest attractant effect by using n-Hexadecanoic acid or 9,12,15-octadecatrienal alone, the average attraction number of male moths reached to (8.00±0.71) and (6.40±1.14) respectively; the binary mixture of hexadecanoic acid methyl ester and 9,12,15-octadecatrienal at the ratio of 1∶1 also had an effect on male moths attractions, and the average attraction number of male moths reached to (5.60±0.55). [Conclusion]  The identification of compounds in sex pheromone glands of female moths of G. qinghaiensis was accomplished, the major component of 9,12,15-octadecatrienal used alone or in combination with hexadecanoic acid methyl ester all had strong attraction effect on male moths G. qinghaiensis. The results of research are of great important for the development of sex attractants.