【目的】 光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis严重危害河西走廊杨树防护林，沙枣Elaeagnus angustifolia能吸引光肩星天牛刻槽产卵并分泌树胶包裹致死，但诱杀效果受生境差异影响。本研究旨在调查干旱区客土改良生境与原生盐渍化生境的微环境差异与沙枣树势的关系，分析不同土壤环境对沙枣泌胶防御特性和诱杀光肩星天牛效果的影响，以期为优化沙枣管护、推广应用沙枣生态自控光肩星天牛灾害提供支撑。【方法】 以甘肃省嘉峪关市黑山湖公路防护林（客土改良生境）和酒泉市六分村农田防护林（原生盐渍化土壤生境）为对象，调查光肩星天牛危害程度（有虫株率、刻槽、排粪孔、羽化孔等）与树种配置；系统测定两地土壤理化性质（容重、孔隙度、含水量、pH、有机质、养分等）与林间微气候（温、湿度），分析沙枣生理特性（枝叶含水量、叶片形态、养分、抗氧化酶活性）及其对人工刻槽与光肩星天牛刻槽的泌胶防御响应（泌胶率和泌胶量）。【结果】 （1）客土改良生境中，沙枣占比22.9%，高效诱集66.0%天牛刻槽，有效保护新疆杨Populus alba var. pyramidalis；盐渍化生境中，沙枣占比51.1%，诱集16.1%的天牛刻槽。（2）客土改良生境沙枣对光肩星天牛刻槽的泌胶反应更强，天牛刻槽泌胶率、泌胶量均显著高于人工刻槽（P < 0.05）；盐渍化生境沙枣人工刻槽泌胶率显著高于客土改良生境（P < 0.01），但其对天牛刻槽的泌胶量则低于客土改良生境。（3）两地沙枣对刻槽内光肩星天牛卵或幼虫的杀灭率均为100%。（4）客土改良生境土壤含水量高、盐分低，林间温湿度稳定；原生盐渍化生境土壤高盐、低水，温湿度波动剧烈。（5）客土改良生境沙枣树干、叶片含水量均较高；盐渍化生境沙枣叶片磷、钾含量显著低于客土改良生境（P < 0.01），但叶片氮磷比、叶面积较大，过氧化物酶活性显著高于客土改良生境（P < 0.05）。沙枣树势受水盐-养分耦合胁迫影响，可能驱动其生理特性、防御资源分配及信息化学物质释放变化，最终影响诱杀效能与光肩星天牛危害格局。【结论】 沙枣是光肩星天牛有效诱杀树种，其杀灭功能在盐渍与改良生境下均稳定。树势可能调控其诱集效能与特异性防御反应。在客土改良生境，维持沙枣树势并采用低比例（约20%-30%）沙枣+新疆杨混交模式，可实现“有虫不成灾”。在盐渍化生境，需优先改善土壤水盐条件并缓解磷限制以恢复沙枣树势、提升诱集效能，同时降低高感虫树种比例或替换为抗性树种。本研究为基于生境差异优化防护林配置与管护、提升干旱区虫害自控能力提供了理论依据。

 [Aim]  Anoplophora glabripennis is a highly destructive pest of poplar shelterbelts in the Hexi Corridor. To investigate how microenvironment affects gum secretion in Elaeagnus angustifolia, and consequently the ability of this tree species to control Anoplophora glabripennis. [Methods]  Research was conducted in the Heishanhu highway shelterbelt (improved soil habitat) in Jiayuguan City and the Liufencun farmland shelterbelt (native salinized soil habitat) in Jiuquan City, Gansu Province. Physicochemical properties of the soil (bulk density, porosity, water content, pH, organic matter, nutrients) and microclimatic conditions (temperature and humidity) were systematically measured. The severity of damage caused by A. glabripennis (infestation rate, oviposition scars, frass holes, emergence holes) and tree species composition were surveyed. Physiological traits of E. angustifolia (branch and leaf water content, leaf morphology, nutrient content, antioxidant enzyme activity) and its gum excretion (secretion rate and amount) in response to artificial wounds and A. glabripennis oviposition scars were analyzed. [Results]  (1) Although only 22.9% of trees in the improved soil habitat were E. angustifolia, these had 66.0% of all A. glabripennis oviposition scars, effectively protecting Populus alba var. pyramidalis. However, in the salinized habitat, although 51.1% of trees were E. angustifolia these had only 16.1% of A. glabripennis oviposition scars. (2) E. angustifolia in the improved soil habitat had stronger gum secretion responses to A. glabripennis oviposition scars, with significantly higher gum secretion rates and amounts compared to artificial wounds (P < 0.05). In the salinized habitat, gum secretion rates for artificial wounds were higher than those in the improved soil habitat (P < 0.01). However, the gum secreted amount for oviposition scars was lower than that in the improved soil habitat. (3) The mortality rate of A. glabripennis eggs or larvae within oviposition scars reached 100% in both habitats. The vigor of E. angustifolia was influenced by the combined stress of water-salt and nutrient conditions, which potentially drove changes in physiological traits, defense resource allocation, and info-chemical release, ultimately affecting the ability of trees to control A. glabripennis. (4) The improved soil habitat had higher soil water content, lower salinity, and more stable microclimatic temperature and humidity, while the salinized habitat had highly saline soil, lower water content, and greater fluctuations in temperature and humidity. (5) E. angustifolia in the improved soil habitat had higher water content in both trunks and leaves. In the salinized habitat, leaf phosphorus and potassium contents were significantly lower (P < 0.01), but the leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio and leaf area were larger, and peroxidase activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05). [Conclusion]  E. angustifolia is an effective trap-tree for A. glabripennis, achieving a 100% mortality rate of this pest in both salinized and improved habitats. Tree vigor appears to be a key factor regulating its attractiveness to A. glabripennis and its specific defensive responses. In improved soil habitats, maintaining tree vigor and adopting a mixed planting pattern with a low proportion (approximately 20%-30%) of E. angustifolia and P. alba var. pyramidalis can achieve the goal of "pest presence without disaster". In salinized habitats, priority should be given to improving soil water-salt conditions and alleviating phosphorus limitation to restore the vigor of E. angustifolia and thereby improve its attractiveness to A. glabripennis, while also reducing the proportion of highly susceptible tree species or replacing them with resistant varieties. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing shelterbelt configuration and management based on microhabitat differences thereby enhancing the ecological self-regulation of pest outbreaks in arid regions.