【目的】 对新疆阿克苏地区阿瓦提县阿依巴格镇草原河新村4种间作模式棉田节肢动物群落特征进行分析，以期为棉田害虫预测预报及绿色防控提供理论基础。【方法】 试验于2024年6-8月采用随机五点取样法对单作棉田、核桃-棉花间作、杏-棉花间作和苹果-棉花间作棉田节肢动物种群动态进行调查。【结果】 单作棉田节肢动物共39 300头，共鉴定出2纲10目15科23种，核桃-棉花间作棉田节肢动物共29 181头，共鉴定出2纲10目18科29种，杏-棉花间作棉田节肢动物共31 596头，共鉴定出2纲11目21科33种，苹果-棉花间作棉田节肢动物共33 398头，共鉴定出2纲12目21科33种；4种种植模式下节肢动物种群Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均为苹果-棉花间作模式最高，其中丰富度指数（2.00）显著高于其它3种模式（P＜0.05）；对4种种植模式棉田主要害虫和天敌昆虫优势种的种群消长动态进行分析，其中蓟马以7月中旬到8月上旬为高暴发期，棉蚜Aphis gossypii 6月末至7月下旬为高暴发期，烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci 7月中旬至8月中旬为暴发期，牧草盲蝽Lygus pratensis在7月中旬与8月上旬为2个高峰期，其中核桃-棉花间作棉田牧草盲蝽发生量显著低于其它3种模式（P＜0.05）；天敌昆虫以草蛉、多异瓢虫Adonia variegata和食蚜蝇为优势种群，草蛉在7月上旬大规模发生；多异瓢虫6月初开始发生，到8月初达到发生高峰，其中苹果-棉花间作棉田多异瓢虫发生量显著高于其它3种模式（P＜0.05）；食蚜蝇在7月份达到种群发生高峰期。对4种主要害虫与3种优势天敌的相关性进行分析，发现多异瓢虫、草蛉、食蚜蝇等天敌与棉蚜、蓟马、牧草盲蝽、烟粉虱等主要害虫均呈现正相关（相关系数0.50-0.82），其中单作与核桃-棉花间作模式中多异瓢虫与牧草盲蝽相关性最高，而苹果-棉花间作模式食蚜蝇与牧草盲蝽相关性最高，杏-棉花间作模式草蛉与牧草盲蝽相关性最高，证明不同的种植模式中天敌与害虫之间的相关性可能有差异。【结论】 阿瓦提县3种常见的果棉间作模式可以提高棉田节肢动物群落多样性、稳定性。

 [Aim]  To compare the arthropod communities of cotton fields under four different cropping patterns in Caocaohexin Village, Ayibaga Town, Awati County, Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, and thereby develop a theoretical basis for predicting pest outbreaks and promoting environmentally friendly pest control in cotton fields. [Methods]  A random five-point sampling method was used to investigate the population dynamics of arthropods in cotton fields that were either a monoculture, or intercropped with walnut, apricot, or apple, trees. [Results]  A total of 39 300 individual arthropods were detected in monoculture fields which were assigned to 23 species, 15 families, 10 orders and 2 classes. A total of 29 181 arthropods (29 species, 18 families, 10 orders and 2 classes) were detected in fields intercropped with walnut trees. A total of 31 596 arthropods (33 species, 21 families, 11 orders and 2 classes) were detected in fields intercropped with apricot trees. A total of 33 398 arthropods (33 species, 21 families, 12 orders and 2 classes) were detected in fields intercropped with apple trees. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou's evenness index, Simpson's dominance index, and Margalef's richness index for arthropod populations were highest in the apple-cotton intercropping system. However, only the richness index (2.00) was significantly higher than that of the other three systems (P < 0.05). Analysis of population dynamics for dominant pest and predator insects across the four cropping systems revealed that the Thripidae had peak outbreaks from mid-July to early August, Aphis gossypii peaked from late June to late July, Bemisia tabaci peaked from mid-July to mid-August, and Lygus pratensis had two peak periods, one in mid-July and another in early August. Notably, L. pratensis populations in walnut-cotton intercropped fields were significantly smaller than in the other three cropping systems (P<0.05). Predatory insects were dominated by members of the Chrysopidae, Adonia variegata, and Syrphidae. The Chrysopidae were at peak abundance in early July, whereas Adonia variegata appeared in early June and peaked in early August. A. variegata populations were significantly bigger in apple-cotton intercropped fields than in the other three cropping systems (P < 0.05). The Syrphidae reached their population peak in July. Natural enemies of cotton pests, such as A. variegata and members of the Chrysopidae and Syrphidae, were positively correlated with the abundance of major pests such as A. gossypii, Thriperidae, L. pratensis and B. tabaci (correlation coefficient 0.50-0.82). Monocultures and walnut-cotton intercropped fields had the highest correlation between A. variegata and L. pratensis, whereas apple-cotton intercropped fields had the highest correlation between the Syrphidae and L. pratensis. Apricot-cotton intercropped fields had the highest correlation between the Chrysopidae and L. pratensis, indicating that there may be differences in the population dynamics of pests and their natural enemies under different cropping systems. [Conclusion]  Intercropping cotton with walnut, apricot or apple, trees can improve the diversity and stability of the arthropod community in Awati County.