斑翅果蝇抗菌肽的全基因组鉴定
Genome-wide identification of the main antibacterial factor-antibacterial peptides
刘晓雨1** 刘嘉一1 唐 艳2 吴美曼1 代晓彦3 孟 娥2*** 翟一凡3***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.077
作者单位：1. 德州学院别尔哥罗德食品科学学院，德州 253023；2. 德州学院生态与资源环境学院，德州 253023；3. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，济南 250100
中文关键词：温度胁迫；大肠杆菌；金黄色葡萄球菌；抗菌肽；基因家族
英文关键词：temperature stress; Escherichia coli; Staphyoccus aureus; antibacterial peptides; gene family
中文摘要：【目的】 明确斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii抑菌能力在低温下的响应差异和抑菌主要物质-抗菌肽的组成、结构及进化特性。【方法】 利用浊度法测定斑翅果蝇各虫态在14、18和22 ℃下对大肠杆菌Escherichia coli和金黄色葡萄球菌Staphyoccus aureus的抑菌差异；利用生物信息学分析抗菌肽基因家族的组成、结构及进化特性；利用定量PCR分析抗菌肽在不同温度下的转录水平差异。【结果】 斑翅果蝇卵期抑制大肠杆菌（P < 0.01）和金黄色葡萄球菌（P < 0.001）的能力在18 ℃最低；幼虫抑制大肠杆菌（P < 0.01）和金黄色葡萄球菌（P < 0.05）的能力在22 ℃最低；蛹对大肠杆菌（P = 0.351）和金黄色葡萄球菌（P = 0.058）抑制能力受温度影响不显著。该虫含有3大类21个抗菌肽，即5个Attacin、5个Cecropin、7个Drosomycin、2个Diptericin、1个Defensin和1个Metchnikowin。斑翅果蝇同类抗菌肽间序列相似度较高，且多存在氨基酸突变现象；Attacins、Drosomycin和Defensin分别与黑腹果蝇同类抗菌肽具有较近的亲缘关系，其余抗菌肽均呈现种属特异性。Diptericin A在22 ℃下的幼虫表达水平显著高于14和18 ℃（P < 0.05）。【结论】 早春斑翅果蝇较强的抑菌能力可能减弱生防菌防治效果；抗菌肽组成具有种属特异性，抗菌肽对温度的响应各异。
英文摘要：[Aim] To investigate the effect of temperature on the immune system of the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, a globally significant agricultural pest, and also determine the composition, structure and evolutionary characteristics, of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of this species. [Methods] The antibacterial activity of different developmental stages of D. suzukii reared at 14, 18 and 22 ℃ against Escherichia coli and Staphyoccus aureus was determined using the turbidimetric method, and the composition, structure and evolutionary relationship of its AMPs were analyzed using bioinformatics. Transcriptional levels of AMPs at different temperatures were measured with quantitative PCR. [Results] The lowest antibacterial activity of eggs against E. coli (P < 0.01) and S. aureus (P < 0.001) was measured at 18 ℃, and that of larvae against E. coli (P < 0.01) and S. aureus (P < 0.05) at 22 ℃. There was no significant difference in pupal antibacterial activity against E. coli (P = 0.351) or S. aureus (P = 0.058) among the tested temperatures. D. suzukii has 21 AMPs belonging to 3 groups, including 5 Attacins, 5 Cecropins, 7 Drosomycins, 2 Diptericins, 1 Defensin and 1 Metchnikowin. The Drosomycins and Defensin have a close phylogenetic relationship to those of D. melanogaster, whereas the other AMPs were species-specific. Expression of Diptericin A transcripts of larvae at 22 ℃ was significantly higher than at 14 and 18 ℃ (P < 0.05). [Conclusion] Stronger antibacterial activity in early spring may reduce the effectiveness of biocontrol methods for D. suzukii. Most AMPs of this species are species-specific, and their response to temperature varied.