亚洲小车蝗对三种植物源化合物的嗅觉行为反应
Olfactory behavioral responses of Oedaleus decorus asiaticus to three plant compounds
石丹妮1, 2** 康 鹏1** 常 静1 马崇勇3 嘎丽娃3 韩 丽4 戴桂香5 李海平1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.083
作者单位：1. 内蒙古农业大学园艺与植物保护学院，呼和浩特 010019；2. 内蒙古包头市农牧科学研究院，包头 014000；3. 内蒙古自治区林业和草原有害生物防治检疫总站，呼和浩特 010020；4. 内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市林业和草原保护中心，呼和浩特 010030；5. 内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市草原工作站，集宁 012000
中文关键词：瑞香狼毒；百里香；印楝素；亚洲小车蝗；嗅觉行为反应
英文关键词：Stellera chamaejasme; Thymus mongolicus; azadirachtin; Oedaleus decorus asiaticus; olfactory behavioral response
中文摘要：【目的】 明确3种植物源化合物——瑞香狼毒根石油醚提取物、百里香酚和印楝素对亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus decorus asiaticus 3龄蝗蝻的行为反应影响。【方法】 采用叶碟法进行了拒食作用测定，使用Y形嗅觉仪和浸叶法对亚洲小车蝗的行为选择进行测定，通过触角电位仪测定了亚洲小车蝗对3种化合物的触角电位反应。【结果】 48 h时，瑞香狼毒根石油醚提取物、百里香酚和印楝素对亚洲小车蝗3龄蝗蝻选择性的拒食中浓度（AFC50）分别为0.461、0.213和0.106 mg·mL﹣1。Y形嗅觉仪中，百里香对成虫的驱避率为86.67%，瑞香狼毒地上部、根部和全株的驱避率分别为83.33%、81.67%和80.00%。3种化合物的驱避率随浓度增大而增加，最大浓度时均超过85%。触角电位反应值随浓度增加而增强，在0.3 mg·mL﹣1时，百里香酚的EAG值（0.67 mV）高于瑞香狼毒素和印楝素（均为0.33 mV）。【结论】 3种植物源化合物对亚洲小车蝗均有明显驱避作用，在草原蝗虫绿色防控中具有良好的开发前景。
英文摘要：[Aim] To determine the effects of petroleum ether extracts from Stellera chamaejasme, Thymus mongolicus and azadiracthrin, on the behavioral responses of the 3rd instar Oedaleus decorus asiaticus larvae. [Methods] The leaf dish dipping method was used to test the antifeeding effect of plant extracts. Behavioral responses were measured using a Y-tube olfactometer and the leaf immersion method. Antennal responses of O. decorus asiaticus to plant extracts was measured with an electroantennogram (EAG). [Results] The median selective antifeedant concentrations (AFC50) of petroleum ether extracts from the roots of S. chamaejasme, T. mongolicus and azadirachtin were 0.461, 0.213 and 0.106 mg·mL-1, respectively after 48 h. In the Y-tube olfactometer, the repellence of thymol from T. mongolicus to adult O. decorus asiaticus was 86.67%, whereas the repellence of the aerial part, root, and entire S. chamaejasme plant, was 83.33%, 81.67%, and 80.00%, respectively. The repellence of plant compounds increased with concentration, exceeding 85% at the maximum tested concentration. The EAG responses of O. decorus asiaticus also increased with plant extract concentration. At 0.3 mg·mL⁻¹, the EAG value in response to thymol from T. mongolicus (0.67 mV) was higher than that of neochamaejasmine A and azadirachtin (both 0.33 mV). [Conclusion] Three plant extracts were sufficiently repellant to O. decorus asiaticus to have potential for development for use in the environmentally-friendly control of grassland locusts.