紫苏提取物及其成分对烟粉虱的杀虫活性研究
The toxicity of Perilla frutescens extract, and its constituents, to Bemisia tabaci
高黎明1, 2** 朱春晖2 唐莹莹3 李凯龙2 张德咏1, 2 史晓斌1, 2***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.084
作者单位：1. 湖南大学隆平农学院，长沙 410017；2. 湖南省农业科学院植物保护研究所，长沙 410125；3. 长江大学农学院，荆州 434000
中文关键词：烟粉虱MED；紫苏；乙醇提取物；杀虫活性
英文关键词：Bemisia tabaci MED; Perilla frutescens; ethanol extract; insecticidal activity
中文摘要：【目的】 探究紫苏Perilla frutescens提取物及其活性成分在农业害虫管理中的应用可行性，明确其对烟粉虱Bemisia tabac的温室防控效果。【方法】 室内试验采用粉碎萃取结合旋转蒸发法制备紫苏提取物，运用GC-MS技术对提取物的化学成分进行定性分析，通过浸叶法测定紫苏提取物及其活性成分对烟粉虱的杀虫活性。【结果】 紫苏提取物对烟粉虱具有显著杀虫活性，其中50%、75%及100%浓度的紫苏提取物杀虫效果优于商品化药剂噻虫嗪，对烟粉虱的死亡率可达46.0%-60.0%。从75%紫苏提取物中鉴定出9种化学成分，有效成分石竹烯不仅对烟粉虱表现出良好杀虫效果，还可显著抑制烟粉虱体内细胞色素P450酶及羧酸酯酶两种关键解毒酶的活性（P<0.05）。【结论】 紫苏提取物及其活性成分对烟粉虱具有优良杀虫效果，其中单一活性成分石竹烯对烟粉虱的校正死亡率可达51.1%-67.8%，且可显著抑制烟粉虱体内P450酶和羧酸酯酶的活性。
英文摘要：[Aim] To investigate the feasibility of using Perilla frutescens extract, and its bioactive components, in agricultural pest management, and assess their toxicity to Bemisia tabaci in greenhouses. [Methods] P. frutescens extract was prepared using a combination of crushing and rotary evaporation. The chemical composition of the extract was qualitatively characterized via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The toxicity of P. frutescens extract and its bioactive components against B. tabaci was evaluated using the leaf-dipping bioassay method. [Results] P. frutescens extract was clearly toxic to B. tabaci; indeed, the insecticidal efficacy of the extract at concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% exceeded that of the commercial insecticide thiamethoxam, achieving mortality rates from 46.0% to 60.0%. Nine chemical components were identified from 75% P. frutescens extract, among the active component caryophyllene was not only toxic to B. tabaci, but also significantly inhibited the activities of two key detoxification enzymes, cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase (P<0.05). [Conclusion] P. frutescens extract is more toxic to B. tabaci than thiamethoxam. One component of the extract, caryophyllene, achieved a corrected mortality rate of 51.1% to 67.8%, while also significantly inhibiting the activity of the P450 enzyme and carboxylesterase in this B. tabaci.