储藏物害虫食品级植物源驱避剂研究
Research on food-grade botanical repellents for stored-product pests
孙学科1** 汪新宇2 黎剑1 王耀林1 张玉燕1 尹霜仪1 郝晨伊1 黄金珊1 叶情梅1 李少杰1 豆洪启1 王争艳2*** 辜自强1,3***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.087
作者单位：1. 东莞徐记食品有限公司，东莞 523000；2. 河南工业大学粮食和物资储备学院，郑州 450001；3. 华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院，广州 510641
中文关键词：储藏物害虫；植物源化合物；食品级驱避剂；缓释载体
英文关键词：stored-product pest; botanical chemical; food-grade repellent; sustained-release carrier
中文摘要：【目的】筛选高效储藏物害虫食品级植物源驱避剂。【方法】测定29种植物源化合物在2.5、0.25、0.025、0.0025 μL/cm² 4个剂量下对玉米象Sitophilus zeamais、赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum、锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus和印度谷螟Plodia interpunctella的驱避效果；同时，以琼脂和海藻酸钠为缓释载体，评价优选驱避混剂的持效性。【结果】化合物对害虫的驱避作用存在显著的虫种特异性和剂量依赖性。在29种化合物中，肉桂醛和香茅醇对赤拟谷盗成虫驱避作用最强；香茅醛、肉桂酸乙酯、对茴香醛和香芹酚对锈赤扁谷盗成虫驱避作用最强；肉桂醛对玉米象成虫和印度谷螟幼虫驱避作用最强。进一步以琼脂和海藻酸钠包埋肉桂醛-香茅醇混剂，缓释15 d后，制剂仍保持良好的驱避活性，且琼脂基制剂的持效性优于海藻酸钠基制剂。【结论】由食品级植物源化合物与琼脂制备的驱避剂持效期长，在食品储藏过程的害虫防治中有较好的应用前景。
英文摘要：[Aim] To develop effective food-grade botanical repellents for stored-product pests. [Methods] The repellency of 29 plant-derived compounds to Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, and Plodia interpunctella was determined at dosages of 2.5, 0.25, 0.025, and 0.0025 μL/cm². The effectiveness of using agar and sodium alginate as sustained-release carriers for these repellents was also determined. [Results] Different compounds were repellent to specific pests in a dose-dependent manner. Among the 29 plant-derived compounds tested, cinnamaldehyde and citronellol were the most repellent to adult T. castaneum. Citronellal, ethyl cinnamate, p-anisaldehyde, and carvacrol were the most repellent to adult C. ferrugineus, whereas cinnamaldehyde was the most repellent to adult S. zeamais and larval P. interpunctella. A cinnamaldehyde-citronellol mixture embedded in agar and sodium alginate retained a certain degree of repellency after 15 days; the repellents remained effective longer when combined with the agar formulation than with the sodium alginate formulation. [Conclusion] Repellents prepared from food-grade, plant-derived compounds and agar have considerable potential for reducing the damage to stored food products caused by insect pests.