日本刀角瓢虫卵巢发育分级及动态变化研究
Classification and patterns of ovarian development in Serangium japonicum
雷高科1,2,3** 甫秋梅1,2,3 丁雪玲1,2,3 郑宇1,2,3 何玉仙1,2,3 姚凤銮1,2,3***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.088
作者单位：1. 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所，福州 350013；2. 福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室，福州 350013；3. 福建省作物有害生物绿色防控工程研究中心，福州 350013
中文关键词：日本刀角瓢虫；卵巢发育；形态学特征；分级标准；天敌昆虫；卵巢管长度
英文关键词：Serangium japonicum; ovarian development; morphological classification; developmental stages; biological control; ovariole length
中文摘要：【目的】建立日本刀角瓢虫Serangium japonicum雌成虫卵巢发育的形态学分级标准，揭示动态变化规律，为优化人工繁殖技术提供理论依据。【方法】采用显微解剖和形态学观察方法，观察雌成虫羽化后30 d内卵巢发育状况，测量卵巢管长度，统计卵子数量，建立卵巢发育分级标准，并分析各发育指标间的相关性。【结果】雌成虫生殖系统呈双侧对称结构，主要由卵巢、侧输卵管、中输卵管等组成。基于卵巢形态特征、卵巢管长度、卵黄沉积程度和卵子数量，将卵巢发育划分为5个等级：Ⅰ级[透明期，羽化第1天，卵巢管长度（477.50±8.17）μm]、Ⅱ级[生长期，羽化第2天，卵巢管长度（569.55±26.20）μm]、Ⅲ级[卵黄沉积期，羽化第3-5天，卵巢管长度（939.95±17.34）μm，未成熟卵子12-34个]、Ⅳ级[产卵盛期，羽化第6-28天，卵巢管长度（1265.82±19.43）μm，未成熟卵子10-48个，成熟卵子0-7个]、Ⅴ级[产卵末期，羽化第29-30天，卵巢管长度（1706.91±42.32）μm，未成熟卵子4-12个]。不同等级在卵巢管长度（P < 0.001）、未成熟卵子数（P < 0.001）和成熟卵子数（P < 0.001）方面均存在显著差异。卵巢管长度随羽化天数呈现三阶段发育模式，与羽化日龄呈强正相关。【结论】建立的5级分级标准科学准确，卵巢管长度可作为判断发育等级的重要形态学指标，研究结果为天敌昆虫日本刀角瓢虫的规模化生产和生物防治应用提供了理论支撑。
英文摘要：[Aim] To establish morphological criteria for classifying ovarian development in adult female Serangium japonicum and reveal dynamic patterns in the ovarian development of this species, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for optimizing artificial breeding techniques. [Methods] Microscopic dissection and morphological observation were used to examine ovarian development during the first 30 days post-eclosion. Ovariole length was measured, and oocyte numbers were quantified to establish classification criteria. Correlations among developmental parameters were analyzed. [Results] The reproductive system exhibited typical bilateral symmetry, comprising ovaries, lateral oviducts, a median oviduct, and a spermatheca. Based on ovarian morphology, ovariole length, yolk deposition, and oocyte number, ovarian development was classified into five distinct grades: Stage Ⅰ[transparent period, day 1, ovariole length (477.50 ± 8.17) μm], Stage Ⅱ[growth period, day 2, (569.55 ± 26.20) μm], Stage Ⅲ [yolk deposition period, days 3-5, (939.95 ± 17.34) μm, 12-34 immature oocytes], Stage Ⅳ[peak oviposition period, days 6-28, (1265.82 ± 19.43) μm, 10-48 immature oocytes, 0-7 mature oocytes], and Stage Ⅴ [late oviposition period, days 29-30, (1706.91 ± 42.32) μm, 4-12 immature oocytes]. Significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed among stages in ovariole length, and in immature and mature oocyte number. Ovariole length underwent a three-phase developmental pattern and showed strong positive correlation with days post-eclosion. [Conclusion] The five-grade classification system is scientifically robust, with ovariole length serving as a reliable indicator of developmental stage. These findings provide theoretical support for the mass rearing of S. japonicum Chapin for use as a biological control agent.