南阳金银花田金龟子种群动态及其气象驱动因子解析
Analysis of the population dynamics and meteorological driving factors of the main scarab beetle species in honeysuckle fields, in Nanyang, Henan Province
陈培育1** 曹双1 阴志刚1 周晓静1 祝晓红2 田彩红3 苗进3***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.089
作者单位：1. 南阳市科学院，河南省伏牛山道地中药材开发工程研究中心，南阳 473038；2. 南阳市气象局，南阳 473001；3. 河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所，河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室，郑州 450002
中文关键词：金银花；金龟子；种群动态；DNA条形码；气象因子；综合防治
英文关键词：Lonicera japonica; scarab beetles; population dynamics; DNA barcoding; meteorological factors; integrated pest management
中文摘要：【目的】明确河南南阳金银花Lonicera japonica田金龟子群落结构、优势种群及其种群消长规律，探明关键气象因子对主要种类种群动态的影响，为该地区金龟子的精准监测与绿色防控提供科学依据。【方法】2021-2023年，在南阳金银花主产区利用频振式杀虫灯进行系统监测，结合形态学特征与线粒体COⅠ基因进行种类鉴定，采用相对多度指数分析群落结构，运用Pearson相关分析与多元逐步回归方法，分析气象因子对种群的影响。【结果】共鉴定出金龟子3科3属5种，其中暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela和铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta为优势种，相对多度分别为62.04%-65.01%和28.99%-29.59%；古黑异丽金龟Anomala antiqua为常见种。3种金龟子成虫发生盛期在6月下旬至7月中旬重叠，6月28日至7月3日为诱虫量高峰期。种群动态对气象因子的响应存在种间差异：铜绿丽金龟诱虫量与旬平均气温呈显著正相关（Y = ﹣507.803 + 33.721X，P = 0.001），与温度呈稳定正相关（r最高达0.992）；暗黑鳃金龟诱虫量与旬平均最低气温呈显著正相关（Y = ﹣984.381 + 86.190X，P < 0.001），降水、日照的影响年际间波动较大；古黑异丽金龟与最低温、相对湿度呈正相关（r最高分别达0.945和0.786），与日照时长呈负相关。金龟子危害盛期与金银花第2、3茬花生长期重叠，而与决定年产量的头茬花（5月）采收期错位。【结论】明确了南阳金银花田以暗黑鳃金龟和铜绿丽金龟为优势种的群落结构，揭示了3种主要金龟子种群消长规律及种间差异化的气象响应模式。基于作物-害虫物候匹配关系，提出了在成虫始发期（3月下旬至4月）和头茬花采收后（5月底起）两个关键窗口进行精准防控的策略，为该地区金银花田金龟子的预测预报与分类治理提供了理论依据。
英文摘要：[Aim] To clarify the community structure, dominant species, and population dynamics of scarab beetles in honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) fields in Nanyang, Henan Province, and to investigate the influence of key meteorological factors on the population dynamics of major species, thereby providing a scientific basis for the precise monitoring and environmentally-friendly control of scarab beetles in this region. [Methods] From 2021 to 2023, systematic monitoring was conducted in the main honeysuckle-producing area of Nanyang using frequency‑vibrating, insecticidal lamps. Species identification was performed based on morphological characteristics and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COⅠ) gene sequences. Community structure was analyzed using the relative abundance index, and the relationship between population dynamics and meteorological factors was examined using Pearson correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression. [Results] A total of five scarab beetle species belonging to three genera and three families were identified. Among these, Holotrichia parallela and A. corpulenta were the dominant species, with relative abundances of 62.04%-65.01% and 28.99%-29.59%, respectively. A. antiqua was a common species. The peak occurrence periods of adults of the three main scarab beetle species overlapped from late June to mid-July, with the most concentrated period of peak daily abundance occurring from June 28 to July 3. Interspecific differences were observed in the effects of meteorological factors on the population dynamics of each species. Captures of A. corpulenta were significantly influenced by the 10-day mean temperature (Y = ﹣507.803 + 33.721X, P = 0.001) and showed a stable positive correlation with temperature (r up to 0.992). Captures of H. parallela were also significantly correlated with the 10-day mean minimum temperature (Y = ﹣984.381 + 86.190X, P < 0.001), however, its responses to precipitation and sunshine duration varied considerably among years. Captures of A. antiqua was positively correlated with minimum temperature and relative humidity (r up to 0.945 and 0.786, respectively) and negatively correlated with sunshine duration. The peak damage period of scarab beetles coincided with the second and third growth flushes of honeysuckle, but not with the harvest period of the first flush (May), which determines the annual yield. [Conclusion] H. parallela and A. corpulenta are the dominant scarab beetle species in honeysuckle fields in Nanyang, Henan Province. The population dynamics of the three major species, and interspecific differences in their meteorological response patterns were elucidated. Based on the crop-pest phenological matching relationship, a precise control strategy, targeting two key control windows; the initial adult occurrence period (late March to April) and the period after the harvest of the first flush (from late May onward), is proposed. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the prediction, forecasting, and species-specific management, of scarab beetles in honeysuckle fields in this region.