花斑露尾甲幼虫龄期测定指标及发育历期研究
Morphological indicators of the larval instars and developmental duration of Phenolia picta
李丽莉1** 田粟粟2 迟宝杰2 苏方慧1,3 门兴元1 王延书4 郭文秀1 宋莹莹1 崔洪莹1 吕素洪1
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.094
作者单位：1. 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，山东省农业有害生物绿色防控重点实验室，国家农业生物安全科学中心山东分中心，济南 250100；2. 山东农业工程学院，济南 250100；3. 山东农业大学植物保护学院，泰安 271018；4. 临沂市农业技术推广中心，临沂 276000
中文关键词：花斑露尾甲；幼虫龄期；头壳宽度；发育历期
英文关键词：Phenolia picta; larval instar; head capsule width; developmental period
中文摘要：【目的】花斑露尾甲Phenolia picta是一种果树新害虫，明确其幼虫龄期的测定指标和发育历期是预测预报和防治的基础。【方法】室内测定了花斑露尾甲幼虫各龄期的头壳宽、体长、体宽，根据各指标的频次分布结果，运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归方法进行了验证，确定龄期划分指标，同时测定了不同虫态的发育历期。【结果】花斑露尾甲头壳宽度值呈现出3个明显的集中区，分别为414.42-513.79、746.81-876.60和1106.38-1270.21 μm，相邻龄期间未出现重叠，头壳宽与龄期间呈现明显的线性关系。室温下，花斑露尾甲从卵发育至成虫需（42.32±10.14）d，其中卵历期（4.53±0.99）d；幼虫历期（18.20±5.02）d[1龄为（3.44±0.75）d，2龄（2.86±0.45）d，3龄最长（11.90±3.82）d]；预蛹期（8.88±2.27）d，蛹期为（10.71±1.86）d；成虫寿命（62.80±3.81）d。【结论】花斑露尾甲的头壳宽可作为龄期划分的最佳指标，花斑露尾甲从卵发育至成虫需42.32 d，成虫寿命62.80 d。本结果可为花斑露尾甲田间虫龄鉴别及预测预报提供依据。
英文摘要：[Aim] To identify morphological indicators of the larval instars and developmental duration of Phenolia picta, a new pest of fruit trees in China, and thereby provide a basis for the prediction, forecast and control of this pest. [Methods] The head capsule width, body length and body width of each larval instar of P. picta were measured in a laboratory. Based on the frequency distribution results for each index, Crosby’s growth rule and linear regression analysis were used to identify instar classification criteria. The developmental durations of different insect life-stages were determined simultaneously. [Results] The head capsule width of P. picta was trimodal with three distinct ranges: 414.42-513.79 μm, 746.81-876.60 μm and 1 106.38-1 270.21 μm. No overlap was observed between adjacent instars, and there was a significant linear relationship between head capsule width and instar. At room temperature, the complete development of P. picta from egg to adult required 42.32±10.14 days, including an egg stage of 4.53±0.99 days, a larval stage of (18.20±5.02) d [1st instar: (3.44 ± 0.75) d, 2nd instar: (2.86 ± 0.45) d, 3rd instar: (11.90 ± 3.82) d), prepupal and pupal stages of (8.88 ± 2.27) d and (10.71 ± 1.86) d, respectively, and an adult stage of (62.80 ± 3.81) d. [Conclusion] The larval instars of P. picta can be identified on the basis of head capsule width. The complete development of P. picta from egg to adult requires 42.32 d, and the adult lifespan is 62.80 d. These results provide a basis for the identification of the larval instars of P. picta in the field, and forecasting outbreaks of this pest.