白星花金龟卵孵化及初孵幼虫开口料优化
Optimization the hatching and feeding of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae
毕勇利1** 黎春慧1 张广杰2,3 李明1 马德英1***
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DOI：10.7679/j.issn.2095-1353.2026.095
作者单位：1. 新疆农业大学农学院，农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830052；2. 吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心，长春 130118；3. 玛纳斯县金昆虫生物科技有限公司，昌吉 832205
中文关键词：白星花金龟；平菇菌糠；复合饲料；幼虫生长发育
英文关键词：Protaetia brevitarsis; oyster mushroom spent substrate; compound feed; larval growth and development
中文摘要：【目的】探究平菇菌糠、牛粪与棉花秸秆的配合物料对白星花金龟Protaetia brevitarsis卵孵化及初孵幼虫生长发育的影响，明确适宜白星花金龟1龄幼虫生长发育的农业废弃物及复合饲料配比，为其规模化高效养殖和农业固体废弃物的资源化利用提供依据。【方法】以平菇菌糠、牛粪与棉花秸秆混合饲料为研究对象，设置4个不同配比处理组（M1-M4），并以传统牛粪-棉秆组合（CK1）和纯平菇菌糠（CK2）为对照。系统测定并分析各饲料配方对虫卵孵化、幼虫体长、体重、存活率、生长速率、饲料利用率、料重比及体内保幼激素含量的影响。【结果】在虫卵孵化方面对照组（CK1、CK2）与处理组（M1-M4）之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。其余方面，处理组M1（32%牛粪、20%平菇菌糠、48%棉花秸秆）综合表现最优，其幼虫体重、获得生物量、生长速率及饲料利用率分别较CK1显著提高了131%、152%、152%和67%（P<0.05），较CK2分别显著提高了427%、508%、507%和623%（P<0.05）；处理组M4（80%平菇菌糠、8%牛粪、12%棉花秸秆）促进幼虫体长增长的效果最佳，其体长较CK1提高了22.86%，较CK2提高了85.01%（P<0.05）。此外，处理组M2（24%牛粪、40%平菇菌糠、36%棉花秸秆）可显著提升幼虫体内保幼激素含量，较CK1、CK2分别提高了108.94%和70.76%（P<0.05），该效果有助于维持幼虫虫态稳定性，延长其对农业废弃物的转化处理周期。【结论】综合评价，使用32%牛粪、20%平菇菌糠、48%棉花秸秆作为饲料可促进白星花金龟幼虫生长发育，更好地转化利用牛粪、棉秆废弃物。
英文摘要：[Aim] To investigate the effects of mixed materials; Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate, cow dung, and cotton straw, on the hatching, growth and development of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae, and also to determine the appropriate agricultural wastes and compound feed ratios for the optimal growth and development of 1st-instar larvae, thereby providing a basis for both the efficient, large-scale breeding of this species, and the efficient utilization of solid agricultural waste. [Methods] Treatments (M1-M4) were four different combinations of mushroom substrate, cow dung, and cotton straw, with the traditional cow dung-cotton straw combination (CK1) and pure Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate (CK2) serving as the controls. The hatching rate, larval body length, body weight, survival rate, growth rate, feed utilization rate, feed conversion ratio, and internal juvenile hormone content of larvae in each treatment group were systematically measured and analyzed. [Results] Although there was no significant difference in hatching rate between the control and treatment groups, the M1 treatment (32% cow dung, 20% Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate, 48% cotton straw) was superior to the other treatments in all other parameters measured. The larval body weight, obtained biomass, growth rate, and feed utilization rate of M1 (131%, 152%, 152%, and 67%, respectively) was significantly higher than that of both CK1 and CK2 (427%, 508%, 507%, and 623%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Treatment M4 (80% Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate, 8% cow dung, 12% cotton straw) was the best in terms of promoting larval body length. Body length was 22.86% greater in this treatment group than in CK1, and 85.01% greater than in CK2 (P < 0.05). In addition, the juvenile hormone content of the M2 treatment group (24% cow dung, 40% Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate, 36% cotton straw) was significantly higher (108.94% and 70.76%, respectively) than that of the CK1 and CK2 groups (P < 0.05). This was helpful for maintaining the stability of larval instars and also prolonged the transformation and treatment cycle of agricultural waste. [Conclusion] A combination of 32% cow dung, 20% Pleurotus ostreatus spent mushroom substrate, and 48% cotton straw can both promote the growth and development of P. brevitarsis larvae, and the transformation and utilization of cow dung and cotton straw waste.